36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)的抗白粉病基因推导

明确我国当前小麦审定和区试品种含有的抗白粉病基因, 可为这些品种在小麦抗病育种中的应用及品种合理布局和轮换提供依据。本研究采用24个不同毒性的小麦白粉菌菌株对36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)进行抗白粉病基因推导, 参试品种(系)与46个已知抗病基因小麦品种(系)抗谱比较的结果表明, 11个小麦审定品种中有5个品种对所有供试白粉菌菌株表现抗性, 结合亲本溯源, 推测其中有3个品种可能携有Pm21基因; 另外6个审定品种中有5个品种可能含有抗病基因Pm2, 且其对应的亲本或亲本组合中含有抗病基因Pm2。25个区试品种(系)中有3个可能含有Pm21, 10个含有Pm2, 1个含有Pm2+6，2个含有Pm4b，1个含有Pm8。另外, 参试的36个品种(系)中还有9个品种(系)和已知基因品种抗谱存在一定差异。总体上, 推导出已知基因的品种以含有Pm2基因的品种最多, Pm21基因的品种次之, 建议在生产上加强对Pm21基因品种(系)特别是已审定的携有Pm21基因品种的推广和应用, 应该注意一些省份在育种和生产上应慎用或少用含Pm2基因的品种(系)。

Postulation of resistance genes to powdery mildew for 36 wheat commercial and regional tested cultivars (lines)

Identification of resistance genes to powdery mildew in current wheat commercial and regional tested cultivars (lines) in China can provide a basis for the breeding of disease-resistant wheat, the rational deployment and rotation of these cultivars. Wheat powdery mildew resistance genes in 36 wheat cultivars (lines) were postulated by inoculating 24 Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt) isolates with different virulence genes, and 46 wheat cultivars with known resistant genes as references. The results showed that five of the 11 commercial wheat cultivars were resistant to all tested Bgt isolates, and three of them might carried Pm21 gene combined with parental traceability. Five of the other six commercial cultivars may carried Pm2, and in fact its corresponding parents or parental combinations carried disease resistance gene Pm2. Among the 25 tested cultivars (lines), three cultivars or lines carried Pm21, ten carried Pm2, one carried Pm2+6, two carried Pm4b, and one carried Pm8. In addition, there were nine cultivars (lines) carried different unknown resistance genes compared with the 46 wheat cultivars (with known resistant genes). In general, the cultivars carried Pm2 gene were the most, followed by the cultivars carried Pm21 gene among the cultivars (lines) with known postulated genes. Therefore, the promotion and application of cultivars (lines) especially the commercial cultivars which carried Pm21 gene should be strengthened, and cultivars (lines) carried Pm2 gene should be paid more attention to the use or less use in breeding and production in some provinces in China.