Effect of mycoviruses on the virulence of Fusarium circinatum and laccase activity |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid – INIA, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain;2. Department of Vegetal Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain;3. Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente, Bluefields Indian & Caribbean University- BICU, Avenida Universitaria, Apartado Postal N° 88, Bluefields, Nicaragua;4. Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain;1. Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy;2. Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;3. Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy;1. Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK;2. Geography, Environment and Agriculture, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK;1. National Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;2. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;3. Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;1. The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China;2. The Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China;3. U.S. Department of Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, Pullman, USA;1. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil;2. The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemical Physiology, La Jolla, United States;3. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil;1. Plant Pathology Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA;2. Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional Biotecnologıa/CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain;3. State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China;4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;5. Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Laccase enzymes (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2) play a major role in the degradation of phenolic compounds such as lignin. They are common in fungi and have been suggested to participate in host colonization by pathogenic fungi. Putative mycoviruses have recently been isolated from the causal agent of pine pitch canker disease, Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O'Donell. In this study, the effects of single and double mycoviral infections on laccase activity, growth rate and pathogenicity were investigated in fourteen F. circinatum strains. Extracellular laccase activity was analyzed by the Bavendamm test, image processing and a spectrophotometric method. Mycelial growth, in vivo pathogenicity and seedling survival probability were also determined in Monterrey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) seedlings. The findings showed that (i) mycelial growth of isolates from the same fungal population was homogeneous, (ii) the presence of mycovirus appears to increase the virulence of fungal isolates, (iii) co-infection (with two mycoviruses) caused cryptic effects in fungal isolates, and (iv) laccases embody a possible auxiliary tool in fungal infection. The prospects for biocontrol, the adaptive role of F. circinatum mycoviruses and the importance of laccase enzymes in host colonization are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Biocontrol Image analysis Multicopper oxidases Pine pitch canker disease ssRNA |
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