利用野生种质构建向日葵细胞质雄性不育源的研究

通过对向日葵野生种菊芋和油葵自交系7718B杂交幼胚的培养，获得了向日葵细胞质雄性不育系CMS514A及其不育保持系CMS514B。通过对其根尖生长点切片的观察,发现其染色体数为2n=34; CMS514A、B 与其它60个试验材料的杂交、自交试验的研究，其保持系与属于CMS PET-1的10个不育系的杂交组合在开花后均有花粉，且自交后代在开花后呈大致3：1的分离比例；CMS514A与属于CMS PET-1的30个保持系和恢复系所做杂交组合在植株开花后均无花粉；CMS514A与包括自交系、常规种、群体品种和其它不育源的保持系、恢复系等育种材料所做的20个杂交组合在开花后也没有花粉。结果表明CMS514为不同于CMS PET-1、CMS-CMG1-CMS-CMG2、CMS-CMG3等不育源的新的向日葵细胞质雄性不育源，其不育性受一对基因控制，遵循植物细胞质雄性不育的遗传规律。

Establishment of new cytoplasmic male sterility by introduction of cytoplasmic from wild species in sunflower

A new cytoplasmic male sterile line CMS-514A and its maintainer line were derived from crosses between Helianthus tuberosus and an inbred line 7718B of cultivated H.annus after embryo rescue.The chromosome number of these two lines is 2n=34,which is the same as H.annus.Sixty crosses were made with these two lines andother sunflower materials for the testing of maintainer-restorer relationship.The F1 hybrids of 10 crosses between the maintainer of CMS-514A and CMS-PET-1 showed male fertility with pollen release.In the F2 population,fertility segregated with 3:1 ratio.All the hybrids made between CMS-514A and the maintainers and restorers of CMS-PET-1 showed complete male sterility.Twenty more lines introduced from the Northern Crop Science laboratory,USDA-ARS,were tested for their maintainer and restorer property to CMS-514A by test cross.All the F1 hybrids were sterile,indicating the novelty CMS-514A cytoplasm from other existing CMS systems in sunflower,including CMS-PET-1,CMS-CMG1,CMS-CMG2,CMS-CMG3.