红花瘤果茶种子萌发的温光调控及生理特性变化研究

红花瘤果茶(Camellia rubituberculata)是贵州特有珍稀植物,颇具经济价值。为加强其保护利用和解决种子育苗技术问题,本研究检测分析了红花瘤果茶种子萌发的温度与光照调控及其萌发过程中生理特性的变化。结果表明:1)红花瘤果茶种子在15~35 ℃均能正常萌发,随着温度的升高,种子的发芽率和发芽势均呈先升高后降低的趋势,在 20 ℃时的发芽率和发芽势最高,可达到72.00%和40.33%,在0、10、24 h 3个光照梯度中发芽率差异不显著;2)浓度为200 mg ·L^-1 的赤霉素溶液不仅能促进红花瘤果茶种子的提早萌发,还能显著提高红花瘤果茶种子的发芽率和发芽势,不同浓度的高锰酸钾和聚乙二醇溶液处理不能促进红花瘤果茶种子的发芽;3)在不同温度条件下,红花瘤果茶种子可溶性蛋白质在种子萌发初期呈上升趋势,随后逐渐下降,在25 ℃时可溶性蛋白质下降速率最快;可溶性糖含量呈先下降后上升的趋势;丙二醛含量均呈不同程度的正向上升,在35 ℃下的丙二醛含量上升达到最大值;4)在恒温条件下,不同光照时间对红花瘤果茶种子内可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及丙二醛含量无显著影响,红花瘤果茶种子可归属于光中性种子。

Studies on Seed Germination Regulated by Temperature and Light and Physiological Characteristics Change of Camellia Rubituberculata

Camellia rubituberculata is anendemic and rare plants in Guizhou province, which has important economic value. In order to strengthen its protection and utilization and solve the problem of seedling technique, seed germination regulation meditaed by temperature and light and physiological characteristics change during seed germination of C. rubituberculata were disscussed in this paper. The results showed that (1) the seeds of C. rubituberculata could germinate normally at 15-35 ℃, and the germination rate and germination potential of the seeds increased first and then decreased with the increase of temperature. At 20 ℃, the germination rate and germination potential were the highest, reaching 72.00% and 40.33% respectively, while there was no significant difference of germination rate at 0 h, 10 h and 24 h;(2) The treatment with 200 mg ·L ^-1 gibberellin could not only promote the early germination of the seeds, but also significantly improve the germination rate and germination potential, while the treatment with both different concentrations of potassium permanganate and polyethylene glycol could not promote the germination of C. rubituberculata seeds;(3) At different temperatures, soluble protein in seeds increased at the early stage of seed germination and then decreased gradually and the content of soluble protein extremely significantly decreased at 25 ℃. Simultaneously , soluble sugar content decreased first and then increased, while malondialdehyde content increased in different degrees and the value increased to the maximum at 35 ℃;(4) There was no significant difference of the content of soluble protein, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde in the C. sinensis seeds under constant temperature and we supposed the seeds belonged to light neutral seed.