澳洲野生棉种子叶色素腺体延缓形成的组织结构观察

对５个澳洲野生棉种休眠种子、种子发育过程中的子叶和种子萌发过程中的子叶进行连续切片观察,并以比克氏棉为例进行透视电镜观察。结果表明,具有子叶色素腺体延缓形成性状的澳洲野生棉种及其杂交后代的休眠种子,虽肉眼看不到色素腺体,但具有一群不同于其它细胞的特殊细胞群,其整体结构类似色素腺体的雏形。因此,提出了“色素腺体原”的新概念。澳洲野生棉种在开花后的幼胚器官形态建成期均先出现色素腺体细胞,然后经数次分裂形成一团色素腺体细胞群,挤压周围细胞而形成为色素腺体原,并保持该结构至种子成熟。当种子萌发１６ｈ后,色素腺体细胞解体,形成色素腺体。此外,本研究对澳洲野生棉种子叶色素腺体延缓形成性状的遗传调控等问题进行了讨论。

Observation on the anatomical structure of the glandless seed and glanded plant trait in the 5 wild species of Gossypium in Australia

The anatomical structure of the dormant seeds, the embryos during seed maturity and the cotyledons during the seed germination of the 5 wild species of Gossypium in Australia, G.sturtianum, G. nandewarense, G.australe, G.nelsonii and G.bickii, which have the glandless seeds and glanded plant traits, were observed in this paper, and the results showed that there were some special cells which were different from other cells in the dormant seed, although they were invisible to the naked eyes, and the whole structure was looked like the pigment gland, which led to a new conception - the "gland primodium" as the whole structure. The gland cells are appeared in the embryo when the embryo structure was formed in the Australian wild species of Gossypium, then the cell(s) divided for a few times to form a group of gland cells and pressed the outside cells to form the gland primodium which would maintain until seed germination. After 16 hours of germination, the gland cells in the tissue of cotyledon were dissolved mostly and the gland cavities were formed, then pigment materials were come into the cavities, and the glands in cotyledon can be seen by naked eyes at that time. In addition, the genetic regulation of the glandless seeds and glanded plant trait were discussed in this paper.