中国冬小麦puroindoline类型分布及其对溶剂保持力的影响

 以中国4个冬麦区的244份小麦品种（系）为材料，对籽粒硬度、面粉颗粒度大小、puroindoline等位变异类型和溶剂保持力进行了研究。结果表明，中国冬小麦中有5种puroindoline类型，分别为Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a（野生型）、Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p。 Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p为新变异类型，目前仅在我国品种（系）中发现。硬质麦中以Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型最为广泛，占硬质麦的81.2%，Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d和新类型Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p分别占硬麦的9.7%、1.2%和7.9%。籽粒硬度及面粉颗粒大小与4种溶剂保持力之间的相关均达1%显著水平，其中以水溶剂保持力与硬度之间的关系最为密切，与SKCS和NIR硬度值之间的相关系数分别为0.73和0.64。Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a类型的水溶剂保持力和碳酸钠溶剂保持力平均值最大，分别为68.1和85.8，均与Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型之间差异达5%显著水平。同时，各个麦区间的硬度值和溶剂保持力也有所不同，其中北部冬麦区和西南冬麦区的水溶剂保持力间及北部冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区的碳酸钠溶剂保持力间差异也达到了5%显著水平。这为改进我国小麦籽粒硬度及将溶剂保持力用于早代选择提供了理论基础。

Distribution of Puroindoline Alleles in Chinese Winter Wheats and Its Effect on Solvent Retention Capacity

In total,244 varieties and advanced lines from four Chinese winter wheat regions were used to investigate the variation of kernel hardness,flour particle size,puroindoline type and solvent retention capacity.The results indicated that five puroindoline alleles including Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a (wild type),Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d and Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p were observed in Chinese winter wheats,and Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b was the most prevalent type with a frequency of 81.2% in hard wheats.Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p was only present in Chinese wheats up to now.Significant correlations were observed between kernel hardness and four kinds of SRC (solvent retention capacity) and the coefficients of correlation between WSRC (water solvent retention capacity) and hardness by SKCS (single kernel characterization system) and NIR (near infrared spectroscpy) were 0.73 and 0.64,respectively.Means of WSRC and SCSRC (sodium carbonate solvent retention capacity) in varieties with Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a allele were significantly higher than that of Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b.In addition,wheats in different regions have different hardness types and solvent retention capacity.The average of WSRC in Northern China Plain winter wheats was significantly different from that of Southwestern winter wheat region,and the average of SCSRC in Northern China Plain winter wheats was significantly different from that of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River winter wheat region.This study has provided useful information for improving Chinese wheat hardness and in the application of solvent retention capacity at early generation selection in wheat breeding program.