固原试验区径流观测及综合治理减沙效益的研究

固原试区于“六五”期间建立一批径流小区，“七五”期间又建立一处综合治理与不治理的对比观测区。现获得起流降雨记录34次，径流泥沙数据3120个，对比观测区记录8次。本文发表的这批实测数据为黄土高原宁南丘陵区填补了空白；初步对数据的整理，得出坡度、坡长、不同植被、不同雨强与水土流失量的关系；又作了统计分析，得出土壤流失量与起流雨量及30min内最大雨强的两个单因子幂函数式，及分别适用于高强型起流雨和低强型起流雨的两个多元幂函数型多项式逐步回归式，经实测检验，精度在±10%左右；据此估算目前全试区15km²的综合治理减沙效益达60.0%以上。

A Research on Observing Runoff and Decreasing Silt in Comprehensive Controlling,Experimental and Examplary Area,Guyuan County

Since the runoff plots were established on Shanghuang Experimental and Examplary Area, Guyuan County in 1984, there were 34 records of runoff-rain and 3 120 figures of runoff being obtained now. And a observing area of comprehensive controlling and no controlling on decreasing silt was also established in 1988, where there were 8 records being obtained too. Based on these data the relations among soil erosion and slope, length of slope, plant covers and rainfall intensities may be seen. By statistical analysis there are four empirical formulates,two of single correlation and two of multiple ones,being found.And the accuracies of the multiple are ±10%.