中美几个棉花品种育种应用价值研究

用3个美国陆地棉品种为母本与2个中国品种配制6个杂交组合。5个亲本与其6个杂交组合F2和F3种植在美国密西西比州立大学农业试验站。利用加性 显性 加×加互作遗传模型(ADAA)进行数据分析。结果表明,除了加性和显性效应外,加×加互作效应控制大多数农艺性状和纤维性状。两个中国品种均可用于纤维麦克隆值的改良。品种CR110及Deltapine90(DP90)在纤维长度和强度方面具有较好的一般配合力。与品种DP90的杂交组合可以在较晚世代用于产量的改良。杂交组合Stoneville474(ST474)×CR110可用于在早期提高皮棉产量。除ST474×CR110之外,其它各组合均具有产量改良的潜力。组合Sure Grow747(SG747)×86 1在早期和晚期均比其它组合有较高的纤维强度。考虑到皮棉和纤维品质的基因型值,组合SG747×86 1可用于提高早期和晚期产量的改良且有好的纤维品质。

Evaluating American and China Cotton Cultivars and Their Crosses for Improvement

The use of diverse elite cotton cultivars, Gossypium hirsutum L, in cotton breeding may lead to improvements of important traits. In this study, three American cultivars were used as female parents and crossed with two China cultivars. The five parents and six F2 and F3 hybrids were evaluated at Mississippi State University for three years. The additive, dominance, and additive × additive (ADAA) genetic models were used for data analysis. Variance components, genetic effects, and genotypic values were calculated. The results showed additive × additive epistatic effects were significant for most agronomic and fiber traits. China cultivars CR110 and 86-1 can be used as parents to improve fiber micronaire. CR110 and Deltapine 90 (DP90) were good combiners for fiber length and fiber strength. Genetic predictions showed that: 1) crosses with DP90 would improve lint yield in later generations, 2) the cross between CR110 and Stoneville 474 (ST474) can be used to increase lint yield at early generations but may not be good for selection at later generations, 3) all crosses except STd474×CR110 provided the potential for yield improvement at later generations,4) the cross between 86-1 and Sure-Grow 747 (SG747) had higher fiber strength than the other crosses at both early and late generations, 5) considering genotypic values for lint yield and fiber traits, the cross SG747×86-1 can be used for yield improvement at early and late generations while fiber quality should remain acceptable. This study provides useful data on how diverse cultivars can be used to improve cotton yield and quality.