大田作物生长季热量资源变化及对农业生产的影响

以建昌地区气候监测站1960—2012年逐日气温资料为基础,运用现代气候统计诊断技术,分析了该地区大田作物生长季气温、≥10℃积温及无霜期变化趋势和突变特征以及热量资源变化对农业生产的影响。结果表明,自1960年以来,建昌地区作物生长季平均气温升高趋势明显,倾向率为0.19℃/10 a,1981年突变性升高,突变之后气温平均升高0.8℃;≥10℃积温明显增加,倾向率为49.98(℃·d)/10 a,1996年突变性增加,突变之后积温平均增加201℃·d;无霜期延长趋势明显,倾向率为2.44 d/10 a,1985年突变性延长,突变后无霜期平均延长10 d。热量资源增加可延长大田作物的生育期,亦可扩大复种指数、增加生物学产量;气温升高也将加大蒸腾指数,造成作物干旱。分析结果可为调整农业结构提供依据。

Heat Resources Changes of Field Crops during the Growing Season and the Corresponding Effect to Agriculture

In the paper temperature during field crops＇ growing season of Jianchang district, accumulated temperature when it is of or higher than 10 degrees, change trend and abrupt change characteristics of frost-free season and effect of heal resources changes on agriculture adopting modern climate statistical diagnosis technique based on daily temperature data from 1960 to 2012 were analyzed by Climate Monitoring Station of Jianchang county. The results show that average temperature during field crops＇ growing season revealed obvious warm trend in Jianchang county and inclination rate was 0.19℃/10 a. In 1981, it showed an abrupt increasing and then the accumulated temperature showed an average increase of 201℃·d. Frost-free season revealed an extending trend and inclination rate was 2.44 d/10 a. In 1985, it showed an abrupt extension and then frost-free season extended for 10 days on average. Increase of heat resources could prolong growth period of field crops and also expanded cropping index to increase biological yield. Temperature rising would increase transpiration index and resulted crops drought. The analysis result could provide basis for agricultural restructuring.