等氮条件下施肥方式对夏玉米产量及土壤养分吸收利用的影响

施等氮量225 kg/hm2条件下,研究不同施肥方式对夏玉米产量及其构成因素、不同生育期植株对养分吸收及0~20 cm和21~40 cm土壤速效养分含量的动态变化,明确不同施肥方式对夏玉米的增产效应。结果表明,施肥均不同程度增加夏玉米产量,增产16.48%~48.15%,收获指数增加7.81%~15.52%。缓控释肥处理对夏玉米产量提高作用明显,最高达9 697.50 kg/hm2。缓控释肥处理在玉米不同生育期土壤养分残留量呈低-高-低的趋势,能较好协调土壤养分供应与夏玉米地上部养分吸收,氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥表观利用率均较高,利于获得高产。

Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments under Equal Nitrogen Level on the Yield, Soil Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Summer Maize

In order to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer treatments on yield increasing and provide reference to fertilize technology for summer maize, the effect of different fertilize treatments on yield and its components, nutrient uptake in different growth period and available nutrient content in soil layer 0-20 cm and 21-40 cm were analyzed under the condition of equal N level (225 kg/ha). The result showed that control to CK, summer maize yield was increased under fertilize treatments, ranged from 16.48% to 48.15%, harvest index increase extent from 0.09 to 0.11. Controlled-release fertilizer of T5 and T6 had perfect effect on yield improving of summer maize under equal N level, the highest grain yield was 9 697.50 kg/ha, which was 48.15% higher than CK treatment. It showed a low-high-low trend soil nutrient residue with the process of growth period. On equal N level, application of controlled-release could perfectly coordinate soil nutrient supply and above-ground growth of summer maize and beneficial to higher yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency, which was beneficial to higher yield.