Studies on the regulation of expression of luteinizing hormone receptor in the ovary and the mechanism of follicular cyst formation in ruminants

In the series of studies, changes of expression and regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor in the ovary of domestic ruminants were examined. Furthermore, mechanisms of formation of follicular cysts in domestic ruminants, caused by stress and so on, were endocrinologically elucidated. Results of the studies provide the following conclusions. (1) The quantity of LH receptor in the bovine antral follicles increases rapidly in the latter stage of its development. (2) The quantity of LH receptor and its mRNA in the bovine and caprine corpus luteum increase during their developments. The increase of the receptor in the caprine luteal development is regulated by LH through the receptor mRNA level. (3) At least, three splice variants of LH receptor mRNA exist in the bovine luteal tissue and the variant receptors are expressed at different cellular sites according to its structure. (4) Intracellular consecutive cysteine residues of LH receptor are palmitoylated and thereby inhibit internalization of the receptor. (5) As a mechanism of the bovine follicular cyst caused by stress, it is suggested that increased secretions of progesterone and cortisol from the adrenal gland exert inhibitory effects on the hypothalamus and follicle, respectively, and subsequently LH and FSH surges are blocked, then finally ovulation is suppressed and the follicle becomes cystic.