重庆30份茶树种质资源农艺性状与生化成分多样性

为了更好地开发利用重庆茶树种质资源,了解重庆茶树资源的遗传多样性,本研究对已保存的30份茶树种质资源的30个农艺性状和5个主要生化成分指标进行鉴定评价。结果表明:重庆茶树资源在农艺性状与主要生化成分上存在不同程度的变异,农艺性状变异系数介于11.01%~53.54%,平均变异系数29.13%;多样性指数介于0.32~2.04,平均多样性指数1.16;主要生化成分变异系数介于11.87%~28.56%,平均变异系数19.4%;多样性指数介于1.91~2.07,平均多样性指数2.00;前9个主成分累计贡献率达74.85%,包含了35个性状指标的大部分信息,可以用来进行综合评价重庆茶树种质资源;通过聚类分析将30份重庆茶树资源分为3个类群,第Ⅰ、第Ⅱ类群属于红绿兼制类型,第Ⅲ类群是开发红茶的优质原料;筛选出芽色变异材料1份,芽叶绒毛特多类型材料3份,特早生茶树材料10份,高茶多酚特异资源21份,高咖啡碱特异资源4份。

Diversity analysis of 30 tea (Camelia sinensis) germplasm resources in Chongqing based on agronomic traits and biochemical components

In order to better develop and utilize tea germplasm resources in Chongqing and understand their genetic diversity, 30 agronomic traits and five main biochemical component indices of 30 preserved resources were identified and evaluated in this study. The results showed that there were varying degrees of variation in agronomic traits and main biochemical components of Chongqing tea resources. Coefficient variation of agronomic traits were 11.01%-53.54%, the average coefficient variation was 29.13%. The diversity index was 0.32-2.04, the average diversity index was 1.16; Coefficient variation of the main biochemical components was 11.87%-28.56%, the average coefficient variation was 19.4%; The diversity index was between 1.91-2.07, and the average diversity index was 2.00. The cumulative contribution rate of the first nine principal components was up to 74.85%, which contained most of the information of 35 trait indicators, could be used to comprehensively evaluate Chongqing tea germplasm resources. Through cluster analysis, 30 Chongqing tea resources were divided into three groups, the Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups might be applied to process green tea and black tea, the Ⅲ group was the high-quality raw materials for black tea. This study screened 1 germplasm with bud color variation, 3 germplasms with thick fluff in bud and leaves, 10 germplasms with early budding, 21 germplasms with high tea polyphenol, 4 germplasms with high caffeine.