应用岩棉缓解水分胁迫对番茄的生长生理影响

  目的  探索盆栽模式下，岩棉材料及其不同埋设方式对土壤水分保蓄能力和植物栽培的实用效果。  方法  以番茄Lycopersicone sculentum幼苗为研究对象，设置植根下部埋设块状岩棉(BR)、环根周埋设片状岩棉(FR)和埋设惰性不吸水材料(ck) 3个处理，模拟水分胁迫下的植株生长；监测土表下5 cm处土壤含水量、番茄生育期内生长和生理指标变化。  结果  等量灌水条件下，土壤容积含水量从大到小依次为BR、FR、ck，岩棉处理显著高于对照(P＜0.05)。同一生长期内岩棉处理(BR和FR)番茄株高、地茎、叶片数、最大叶面积、根长和干质量等指标均高于ck；不同岩棉埋设方式对同期植物的生长指标影响不显著，结果末期BR处理根长显著高于FR处理(P＜0.05)，同期番茄叶片叶绿素a质量分数、总叶绿素质量分数和相对含水量等从大到小依次为BR、FR、ck，而丙二醛质量摩尔浓度、脯氨酸质量分数和过氧化物酶活性从大到小依次为ck、FR、BR。  结论  岩棉材料可以有效提高盆栽土壤蓄水保水能力，缓解水分胁迫对盆栽植物生长及生理特性的不利影响，其中植根下部埋设块状岩棉(BR)对缓解水分胁迫、促进植物根系定植效果更佳。图3表1参31

Response of growth and physiological indicators of Lycopersicone sculentum to water stress relieved by rock wool

Objective]The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of rock wool and its different burying methods on improving soil water retention capacity as well as plant growth under pot culture mode.Method]Lycopersicone sculentum seedlings were selected as the experimental objects.Three treatments were set up to simulate the plant growth under water stress,including burying block rock wool(BR)under the root,sheet rock wool(FR)around the root and inert nonabsorbent material(ck).The dynamic changes of soil water content at5 cm below the soil surface,the growth and physiological indicators of L.sculentum were monitored.Result]Under the condition of equal irrigation,the order of soil volume moisture content from large to small was BR,FR and ck,and the soil volume moisture content of rock wool treatment was significantly higher than that of ck(P<0.05),indicating that rock wool treatment could improve water retention and water storage capacity of potted soil.During the same growth period,the growth index such as plant height,base diameter,leaf number,maximum leaf area,root length and dry weight of L.sculentum treated with rock wool(BR and FR)were higher than those of ck,but there was no significant difference between two rock wool treatments,except that the root length of BR treatment was significantly higher than that of FR treatment(P<0.05).The order of the chlorophyll a content,total chlorophyll content and relative water content of L.sculentum leaf from large to small in the same period were BR,FR,and ck,while the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),proline(Pro)and peroxidase(POD)were in the opposite order,indicating that BR was more beneficial to plant root elongation and capable of alleviating plants damage caused by soil water stress.Conclusion]Rock wool materials can effectively improve water retention and storage capacity of potted soil,and alleviate adverse effects of water stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of potted plants.Burying block rock wool(BR)under the root is more effective in alleviating water stress and promoting plant root colonization.