有机肥与化肥配施对松花菜花球营养品质和挥发性物质的影响

以松花菜品种力禾青梗100天为材料,设置CK1(不施肥)、CK2(常规施肥)、T1(平衡施肥)、T2(平衡施肥+3 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥)、T3(平衡施肥+6 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥)和T4(平衡施肥+12 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥)6个处理,研究不同处理对松花菜花球营养品质和挥发性物质数量与含量的影响。结果表明:相比CK2,生物有机肥配施化肥(T2~T4处理)有助于提高松花菜花球营养物质含量和挥发性物质的数量与含量。与CK2相比,T3处理下松花菜花球的维生素C含量显著(P<0.05)提高17.6%;T2和T3处理下松花菜花球中的Ca含量分别显著(P<0.05)提高14.3%和36.8%。T2、T3、T4处理下松花菜花球中的挥发性物质数量分别比CK2增加8、12、13种,酮类物质含量较CK2分别增加3.4、2.9和7.1倍。另外,与CK2相比,T2和T3处理下松花菜花球中具有青香、果香和花香味的特征性挥发性物质种类和含量增加。基于营养品质指标和挥发性物质指标的主成分分析综合评价结果显示,6个处理的得分从高到低依次为T3>T2>T4>CK2>T1>CK1。在本试验条件下,较常规施肥化肥减量30%的平衡施肥方案配施6 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥处理下松花菜花球的综合品质最优。

Effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on nutritional quality and volatile compounds of cauliflower

In the present study, the cauliflower cultivar Lihe Qinggeng 100 days was used as the experiment material, and six fertilization treatments were set as follows: CK1, no fertilization; CK2, conventional fertilization; T1, balanced fertilization; T2, balanced fertilization+3 000 kg·hm^-2 bio-organic fertilizer; T3, balanced fertilization+6 000 kg·hm^-2 bio-organic fertilizer; T4, balanced fertilization+12 000 kg·hm^-2 bio-organic fertilizer. The effects of different treatments on nutritional quality and volatile compounds quantity and content of cauliflower were studied. The results showed that compared with CK2, application of bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer could increase nutrients contents and volatile compounds in cauliflower. Compared with CK2, vitamin C content under T3 treatment was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 17.6%. Ca content under T2 and T3 treatments was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 14.3% and 36.8%, respectively. Compared with CK2, T2, T3 and T4 treatments increased the number of volatile compound types in cauliflower by 8, 12 and 13, respectively, and the contents of ketones under these treatments were increased by 3.4, 2.9 and 7.1 times, respectively. In addition, T2 and T3 treatments increased the types and contents of characteristic volatile compounds with green, fruity and floral flavor. The comprehensive evaluation results based on the principal component analysis of nutritional quality indexes and volatile compounds showed that the scores decreased as T3>T2>T4>CK2>T1>CK1. Therefore, balanced fertilization+6 000 kg·hm^-2 bio-organic fertilizer was the most appropriate fertilizer mode under the experiment conditions.