生物质炭输入影响土壤氮素转化与氧化亚氮排放的研究进展

全球气候变暖的持续性和不确定性显著影响人类社会的可持续发展。大气氧化亚氮(N₂O)的持续增加是导致全球气候变暖的主要原因之一。土壤是氮素转化的重要场所和氮循环生物化学反应库，也是N₂O的重要排放源，土壤N₂O排放速率的变化会显著影响大气N₂O含量。生物质炭是指生物质在完全或部分缺氧的情况下经热裂解制备而成的芳香类化学物质，具有多孔性、强吸附性、化学稳定性、高pH和较大阳离子交换量等特性。生物质炭施入土壤后，会直接或间接影响土壤氮素的转化，并对土壤N₂O排放产生显著影响。本研究综述了生物质炭输入对土壤生态系统氮素转化与N₂O排放的研究进展，分别阐述了生物质炭输入对土壤无机氮动态变化、硝化作用、反硝化作用以及N₂O排放的影响，并从生物质炭吸附和减少氮素淋滤、影响土壤理化性质、土壤氨氧化菌的丰度和多样性以及反硝化菌功能基因等方面具体分析了影响上述过程的作用机制。在此基础上，对今后生物质炭在土壤增汇减排以及缓解温室效应方面的进一步理论研究和相关技术推广进行了展望。参109

Effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation and N2O emissions: a review

The sustainability and uncertainty of global climate warming have a profound impact on the sustainable development of human society. The continuous increase of atmospheric N₂O concentration is one of the major contributions to the global climate warming. Soil is an important site of nitrogen transformation and a biochemical reaction reservoir of the nitrogen cycle, and also an important source of N₂O emissions. Therefore, changes in soil N₂O emission rate will significantly affect atmospheric N₂O concentration. Biochar refers to the aromatic chemicals prepared by pyrolysis of biomass under the condition of complete or partial hypoxia. Biochar has the characteristics of porosity, strong adsorption, chemical stability, high pH and large cation exchange capacity. After it is applied to soils, biochar will directly or indirectly affect the transformation process of soil nitrogen and significantly affect the soil N₂O emissions. This article reviewed the research progress of biochar effects on nitrogen transformation and N₂O emission in the soil ecosystem, elaborated the effects of biochar input on the dynamic changes of soil inorganic nitrogen, nitrification, denitrification and N₂O emission. Futher, in terms of biochar’s absorption and reduction of nitrogen leaching, effects on soil physicochemical properties, abundance and diversity of soil ammonia oxidizing bacterial, along with functional genes of denitrifying bacteria, the machamnisms influencing the processes above-mentioned are specifically elucidated in details. The future research of biochar in increasing soil sinks, reducing emissions and mitigating the greenhouse effect, as well as the related technology promotion, have been prospected. [Ch, 109 ref.]