发达国家科技评估特点及其对我国林业项目评估启示

近年来，随着国家科技经费投入不断增加，科技评估活动的重要性逐渐凸显。科技评估活动伴随着物质生产力的发展逐渐兴起，随着物质生产资料的富足走向繁荣，它是调整和完善科学政策发展规划、提高决策水平、调整经费等物质生产资料在各部门分配的有效手段。文中概述了发达国家科技评估活动的特点，介绍了国内外科技项目评估采用的主要方法，在考虑林业行业投资周期长、投资风险大、投资经济效益偏低等自身特点的基础上，提出完善我国林业科技项目评估活动的指导性建议，以期为我国林业科技项目评估活动尽快走向法制化、制度化和规范化道路提供参考。

S&T Evaluation Characteristics in Developed Countries and Its Implications for China's Forestry Project Evaluation

In recent years, with the increasing funding into the National Science and Technology(S&T) research, the significance of S&T evaluation activities is evident. S&T evaluation activities have emerged during the development of material productive forces and flourished with the richness of means of production. They are the effective means to adjust and improve the science and policy development plan, to increase the level of decision-making and to allocate funding and other material of production among various departments. This paper reviewed the characteristics of S&T evaluation activities in developed countries and summarized the methods used at home and abroad primarily for S&T project evaluation in practice. Recommendations were proposed to improve the evaluation activities of forestry S&T projects considering the forestry industry' s own characteristics, including long investment cycle, high investment risk and low economic benefits. It was expected that this study would provide references for China' s forestry S&T project evaluation activities in order to step up the activities into a legislative, institutional and standardized track.