萤光假单胞杆菌和芽孢杆菌防治苹果叶果病害的研究

萤光假单胞杆菌P_(420-4)和芽孢杆菌B_(526-7)及其混合制剂在平板上,对苹果轮纹病菌、炭疽病菌和斑点落叶病菌都具一定拮抗作用。利福平标记发现,P_(420-4)和B_(526-7)在苹果叶果面具有定殖能力。在苹果生育前期,间隔15天,连续3次喷洒混合制剂,后期烂果率、病叶率分别下降70.20～77.27％和39.62～69.31％,百叶鲜重和百果鲜重分别增加29.90～44.83％和16.18～22.40％。离体果实接种试验表明,随着浸果时间的推移,混合制剂抑制苹果炭疽病菌侵染和限制病情发展的能力下降。

EXPERIMENTS ON THE CONTROL OF APPLE LEAF AND FRUIT DISEASES WITH FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS SP.

In the laboratory studies, fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. strain P420-4, Bacillus sp. strain B526-7 and a mixture of the two showed high antagonistic effect against Physollospora piricola, Glomerella cingulata and alternaria mail. P420-4 and B526-7 labeled by rifimpicin could colonize and multiply on the phylloplane and fruit surfurv. In field tests when three applications of the mixture of P420-4 and B526-7 were made at an interval of 15 days in the early apple growing season, the percentage of rot fruit and diseased leaves reduced by 70.2-77.3% and 39.6-69.3%, respectively, while the weights of 100 leaves and 100 fruit increased by 29.9-44.8% and 16.2-22.4%, respectively in the later season. In an laboratory experiment of inoculating fruit with the anthracnose pathogen followed by treatment with the mixture formulation, it was found that prolonged interval time between the inoculation and the treatment reduced the effect of the mixture in suppressing infection and development of the pathogen.