Potential of Aquatic Macrophytes as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Stormwater Runoff |
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Authors: | Ladislas Séverine El-Mufleh Amelène Gérente Claire Chazarenc Florent Andrès Yves Béchet Béatrice |
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Affiliation: | (1) Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, LUNAM University, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, B.P. 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France;(2) Department of Geotechnics, Water and Risk, IFSTTAR French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks, Route de Bouaye, CS4, 44341 Bouguenais Cedex, France |
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Abstract: | The concentrations of heavy metals in water, sediments, soil, roots, and shoots of five aquatic macrophytes species (Oenanthe sp., Juncus sp., Typha sp., Callitriche sp.1, and Callitriche sp.2) collected from a detention pond receiving stormwater runoff coming from a highway were measured to ascertain whether plants organs are characterized by differential accumulations and to evaluate the potential of the plant species as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution in urban stormwater runoff. Heavy metals considered for water and sediment analysis were Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and As. Heavy metals considered for plant and soil analysis were Cd, Ni, and Zn. The metal concentrations in water, sediments, plants, and corresponding soil showed that the studied site is contaminated by heavy metals, probably due to the road traffic. Results also showed that plant roots had higher metal content than aboveground tissues. The floating plants displayed higher metal accumulation than the three other rooted plants. Heavy metal concentrations measured in the organs of the rooted plants increased when metal concentrations measured in the soil increased. The highest metal bioconcentration factors (BCF) were obtained for cadmium and nickel accumulation by Typha sp. (BCF = 1.3 and 0.8, respectively) and zinc accumulation by Juncus sp. (BCF = 4.8). Our results underline the potential use of such plant species for heavy metal biomonitoring in water, sediments, and soil. |
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