施用生物质炭和生石灰对连作辣椒生长的影响

为探究生物质炭和生石灰对连作辣椒生长的影响,以辣椒为材料,采用大田方式,设置8个处理,即对照处理(不加任何生物质炭和生石灰的辣椒连作土,CK);单施生物质炭处理(1.5 kg·m^-2,T2);生物质炭+生石灰处理(1.5 kg·m^-2生物质炭+0.15 kg·m^-2生石灰,T3;1.5 kg·m^-2生物质炭+0.225 kg·m^-2生石灰,T4;3.0 kg·m^-2生物质炭+0.3 kg·m^-2生石灰,T5);单施生石灰处理(0.15 kg·m^-2生石灰,T6;0.225 kg·m^-2生石灰,T7;0.3 kg·m^-2生石灰,T8),研究各处理对连作辣椒生长指标、果实特征及产量疫病发病率以及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,在辣椒连作土壤中添加适量的生物质炭和生石灰能够显著促进辣椒的生长发育,改善辣椒根际土壤环境。单施生石灰或生物质炭对辣椒的各项生长指标促进效果差异较大,而适量的组合施用生石灰和生物质炭处理(T4)的辣椒株高、茎粗以及壮苗指数总体上高于其他处理,对辣椒生长促进作用最为明显。单施生物质炭处理(T2)并不能显著增加辣椒植株的鲜重和干重,而单施生石灰处理后随着施用量的增加会表现出抑制作用。T4对辣椒植株鲜重和干重增加效果明显,定植90 d时,辣椒地上部干重和鲜重、辣椒根系干重和鲜重分别增加了21.34%、21.34%、14.40%、13.34%;同时,辣椒的单株产量和总产量较CK均增加了23.37%,但与其他处理差异不显著。施用生物质炭和生石灰能够显著降低辣椒疫病的发生率,与CK相比,T5的发病率和病情指数均最低,分别为8.33%和3.47,对病害的控制作用最显著。施用生石灰和生物质炭对辣椒土壤中养分含量的增加有促进作用;各处理对土壤pH值无显著性差异(P>0.05),均在6.3~6.8之间。本研究结果为缓解辣椒连作障碍及生产实践提供了理论指导。

Effects of Biomass Charcoal and Lime on Growth of Pepper

In order to investigate the effect of biomass charcoal and quicklime on the growth of continuous cropping pepper. Pepper was used as the material and 8 treatments were set up in the field: control treatment(CK: Pepper without any biomass charcoal and quicklime);single application of biomass charcoal treatment(1.5 kg·m^-2,T2);combination treatment of adding biomass charcoal and quicklime (1.5 kg·m^-2biomass charcoal + 0.15 kg·m^-2 quicklime,T3;1.5 kg·m^-2 biomass charcoal + 0.225 kg·m^-2 quicklime,T4; 3.0 kg·m^-2 biomass charcoal+0.3 kg·m^-2 quicklime,T5);simple quicklime treatment (0.15 kg·m^-2,T6;0.225 kg·m²,T7;0.3 kg·m^-2,T8)The effects of differetn treatment of continuous cropping pepper were studied, including the growth indexes, fruit characteristics and yield, incidence of pytophthora blight and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that adding appropriate amount of biomass charcoal and quicklime in the continuous cropping of pepper could significantly promote the growth and development of the pepper and improve the rhizosphere soil environment of the pepper.The effect of single quicklime or biomass charcoal on the growth of pepper was quite different, while the plant height, stem diameter and seedling index of pepper treated with appropriate amount of quicklime and biomass charcoal treatment (T4) were generally higher than other treatments, and the promotion of the growth of pepper was found most obviously.Single application of biomass charcoal treatment (T2) did not significantly increase the fresh weight and dry weight of pepper plants. However, the inhibition effect was observed after the increase of application amount of the single application of quicklime treatment. The effect of combination treatment (T4) on fresh weight and dry weight of pepper plants was increased obviously. The dry weight and fresh weight of hot pepper, dry weight and fresh weight of pepper root were increased by 21.34%, 21.34%, 14.40% and 13.34% respectively when the plant was fixed at 90 d. Meanwhile, the yield and total yield of pepper increased by 23.37% compared with CK, but the difference was not notable with other treatments.Using biomass carbon and lime can significantly reduce the incidence rate of pepper blight. Compared with the control, the incidence of T5 and the disease index were the lowest 8.33% and 3.47 respectively, which showed the most significant control effect on the disease.The application of quicklime and biomass charcoal promoted the increase of nutrient content in pepper soil. However, No significant difference was found in pH value between treatments(P>0.05), all of which ranged from 6.3 to 6.8. The result of this study provides guidance for mitigating the continuous cropping problems and production practices in pepper.