梨杂种后代亲本性状遗传倾向的研究

通过对49个杂交组合2542株梨杂种实生苗亲本性状遗传倾向的观察研究看出,在河南郑州地区,梨杂种后代的童期为4～5年,6年生杂种一般开花株率可达70%以上;童期的长短主要受亲本遗传特性的制约;梨杂种后代果实重量一般较亲中值小27%,但有些组合超亲现象明显,一般超亲19.2%;果形遗传似表现为圆或扁圆对卵圆或圆锥为显性;皮色遗传表现为黄对褐为显性;肉质的遗传表现为细脆、紧脆和粗脆对细嫩占优势,细嫩型所占比重约为30%;在品质遗传方面,鸭梨、麻梨、库尔勒香梨易将其优良品质传给后代,在鸭梨×金花梨的后代中,果实大小和风味品质超亲现象明显。

STUDIES ON THE TRENDS OF INHERITANCE OF COMMERCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CROSSED CHINESE PEAR PARENTS IN THEIR PROGENIES

Results of studied on 49 cross combinations and 2542 seedlings show under climatic conditions of Zhengzhou, Henan province, the juvenile stage of pear seedlings crossed between Pyres bretschneideri and P. pyrifolia varieties is about 4 to 5 years, depending mainly by the parental varieties used. When the seedlings grow up to 6 years old the percentage of flowering plants may be up to 70%. The inheritance of fruit size appeared to be under polygenic conyrol with the mean fruit size of the progeny being smaller than the parents. Generally the mean fruit weight of the progeny was smaller than the parents by 27%. But there were exceptions in a few combinations. The inheritance of fruit shape studied indicated that round and oblate shape may be dominant to pyriform andturbinate shape. The inheritance of skin color showed the green and yellow were dominant to the brown. As to the inheritance of flesh texture, it seems that the fine crisp and coarse Crisp texture were dominant to the fine tender crisp. But the latter might be appeared to be 30%. The results also indicated Yali, Mali and Korla s Xiangli were the best parents for breeding top eating quality varieties. Variety Jinhua has a strong trend to inherit its large fruit size.