Water solubility,thermal characteristics and biodegradability of extruded starch acetate foams |
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| Institution: | 1. Industrial Agricultural Products Center and Department of Food Science and Technology, 208 L.W. Chase Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0730, USA;2. Department of Engineering Mechanics, W315 Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0526, USA;1. Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P O Box 10011, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil;2. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil;3. Secretaria de Licenciaturas e Bacharelados, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 85660-000, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil;1. School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-Ka, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea;2. College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China;1. Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China;2. Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, TN 37996, USA;3. Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, 300457 Tianjin, China;1. Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China;2. Tontan Project Technology Company Ltd., Dar Es Salaam 10848, Tanzania;3. Intratech Limited, Dar Es Salaam 76124, Tanzania |
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| Abstract: | Starch based foams have been studied as replacements for non-degradable expanded polystyrene (EPS) as loose-fill packaging material because of starch’s total degradation and low cost. However, starch’s hydrophilicity, poor mechanical properties and dimensional stability limited their applications. Acetylated starch with a high degree of substitution (DS) is an alternative. Starch acetates with DS 1.11, 1.68, and 2.23 were extruded with either water or ethanol as solvents. The effects of DS and type of solvent on the starch acetate foam’s water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), thermal behavior (glass transition temperature Tg], melting temperature Tm], and thermal decomposition temperature), and biodegradability were investigated. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between solvent type and DS on WAI and WSI of the foams. As DS increased from 1.11 to 2.23, WAI and WSI increased when ethanol was used as solvent and decreased when water was used as solvent. The Tg values of starch decreased with acetylation and with increasing DS, but increased with extrusion. Acetylation and extrusion increased the thermal stability of the foams. The rate of biodegradation of the foams decreased with increasing DS. The foams, extruded with ethanol, had higher degradation rates than those with water. |
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