复合蛋白源替代鱼粉对杂交鳢生长、体组成与生化指标的影响

为研究复合蛋白源替代鱼粉对杂交鳢生长、体组成、抗氧化与生化指标的影响,在基础饲料中用复合蛋白源(由棉粕+菜粕+蚕蛹+桑叶发酵而成)分别替代饲料中0%、12%、24%、36%和48%的鱼粉,配制成5种等氮等脂(含粗蛋白CP 42%,粗脂肪EE 8.5%)的实验饲料,在室内循环水族箱内饲喂杂交鳢(初始体质量22 g)8周。结果显示,当复合蛋白源替代鱼粉水平大于12%时,杂交鳢的终末体质量(FBW)和特定生长率(SGR)显著降低,在48%替代水平达到最低。36%和48%替代水平蛋白质效率(PER)显著降低,而饲料系数(FCR)显著升高。各实验组摄食率(FR)无显著差异。替代水平组全鱼粗脂肪含量以及脏体比(VSI)和肠脂比(IPF)显著降低,而水分含量显著增加。随替代水平的增加,胰蛋白酶活性显著降低,而肠脂肪酶活性显著升高。替代水平24%以上肝脏谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高。替代水平12%以上血清中总胆固醇(CHO)含量显著降低,而替代水平36%以上血糖(GLU)含量会显著降低。各实验组血清甘油三酯(TC)、总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量无显著变化。研究表明,复合蛋白源替代12%鱼粉不会影响杂交鳢的生长,而高水平替代会抑制杂交鳢的生长,但可以改善杂交鳢机体糖脂代谢,提高机体的抗氧化能力。

Effects of replacing fish meal with compound proteins on the growth, body composition and biochemical indices of hybrid snakehead

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of replacement of fish meal by compound protein (fermented rapeseed meal+cotton meal+silkworm pupae+mulberry leaves) on the growth, body composition, antioxidant ability and biochemical indices of hybrid snakeheadwith the initial weight (22 g)]. Five isonitrogenous and isolipid diets (CP 42%, EE 8.5%) were formulated to contain different levels of compound proteins based upon the basal diet to replace fish meal 0%, 12%, 24%, 36% and 48%. After 8 weeks, the results showed as follows:when the replacement ratio of fish meal by compound protein is more than 12%, the final body weight (FBW) and the specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly decreased, and reached a minimum at 48% substitution level. A lower protein efficiency ratio (PER) and higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed at the 36% and 48% substitution levels. There is no significant difference in feeding rate (FR) for each test group. The replacement level of compound proteins decreased significantly body crude lipid, viscera somatic index (VSI) and intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPF), and increased significantly whole body moisture. With the compound protein level increasing, the activity of trypsin decreased significantly, whlie the activity of intestinal lipase increased significantly. When the compound protein level is higher than 24%, the activities of glutamyl pyruvic transaminase (GPT), superoxide thandismutase (SOD) and the catalyse (CAT) activities significantly increased. Serum CHO was decreased observably as compound protein ratio is more than 12%, but blood glucose content was decreased observably as compound protein ratio is more than 36%.There were no significant difference in total cholesterol (TC), total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) for each test group. Results of above show that a suitable percentage (12%) of compound protein replacement of fish meal does not affect the growth of hybrid snakehead. And high replacement level would inhibit the growth of hybrid snakehead, but it can improve the glucolipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of hybrid snakehead.