桑沟湾不同养殖区大型底栖动物的群落结构特征

于2016年9月和11月对我国北方典型筏式养殖海湾—桑沟湾的筏式贝藻养殖区和网箱养殖区的大型底栖动物进行调查,研究了桑沟湾不同养殖区大型底栖动物的种类组成、数量分布、群落结构及生物多样性等群落特征,分析了底栖动物与海洋环境因子的关系,以了解养殖活动对大型底栖动物的影响。结果显示,调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物67种,其中,环节动物多毛类36种,软体动物12种,节肢动物门甲壳类和全足类16种,棘皮动物3种。桑沟湾大型底栖动物的优势种主要为多毛类,贝藻区的绝对优势种为刚鳃虫和长叶索沙蚕,网箱区的绝对优势种为异足索沙蚕和多丝独毛虫。生物量和丰度的特性为9月网箱区11月网箱区9月贝藻区,多样性指数的趋势相反。研究表明,底栖动物群落特征与底质有机碳、总磷、硫化物和氧化还原电位等因素有关,桑沟湾大规模养殖活动对底栖动物群落组成和分布产生了一定的影响。

Macrobenthic community characteristics of different culture areas in Sanggou Bay

Two surveys were conducted in Sanggou Bay in September and November 2016 to study macrofauna in bivalve-seaweed integrated culture areas and fish cage areas. The community characteristics such as species number, composition, distribution and biodiversity and the relationships between macrofauna and the environmental factors were analyzed to investigate the influence of different aquaculture activities on the macrofauna. A total of 67 species were identified, including 36 Polychaetes, 12 Mollusca, 16 Crustacea and Pycnogonida, and 3 Echinodermata. The dominant macrofauna species in Sanggou Bay are Polychaetes. The absolutely dominant species in bivalve-seaweed integrated culture areas are Chaetozone setosa and Lumbrineris longiforlia, while in fish cage areas that are L. heteropoda and Tharyx multifilis. Biomass and abundance were found the higher in fish cage area in September compared to the values in November, and the lowest values were found in the bivalve-seaweed integrated culture area in September. Biodiversity, which showed a reversed trend, was found highest in the integrated culture area in September and followed by the values in the fish cage area in November and September respectively. Correlations were found between macrobenthic community characteristics and sediment parameters (total organic carbon, total phosphorus, sulfide and oxidation-reduction potential). The macrobenthic community was affected by the large-scale aquaculture activities in Sanggou Bay, and the effect of fish cages culture was stronger.