Immunostimulant effect of a mixed herbal extract on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccinated chickens in the context of a co-infection model of avian influenza virus H9N2 and IBDV |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;2. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;3. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;4. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;5. Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura Branch, Egypt;6. Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;7. Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt;1. Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt;2. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt;3. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt;1. Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;2. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;3. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;4. Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;5. Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;6. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt;7. Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura branch, Egypt;8. Researcher of Virology, Reference Laboratory of Quality Control of Poultry Production (Gamasa)- Animal Health Research Institute, Egypt;1. Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;2. Boehringer Ingelheim, Veterinary Research Center GmbH Co. KG, Bemeroderstr. 31, 30559 Hannover, Germany;3. Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Am Seedeich 9-11, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany;1. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh;2. Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Dhaka, Bangladesh;3. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh |
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| Abstract: | This study was conducted to assess the comparative effects of a mixed herbal extract (MHE) containing Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera, Emblica officinalis, Tinospora cordifolia, Mangifera indica, and Asphaltum (shilajit) on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-vaccinated (VAC) chickens infected with IBDV and avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2. The experiment included three groups (G1-G3): G1, the negative control group; G2, the VAC + challenged (Ch) group; and G3, the VAC + Ch + MHE group. MHE was orally administered continuously for 5 weeks post-vaccination (PV) with IBDV at 12 days of age, and the chicks were simultaneously challenged with virulent IBDV (intraocularly) and AIV H9N2 (intranasally) at 21 days PV. Blood and tissue samples as well as tracheal and cloacal swabs were gathered at different times PV and post-challenge. Immunological and haematological parameters, histopathological lesions, relative organ weights and final live weights revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between G2 and G3 groups. Furthermore, in the G3 group, the protection rates, ELISA and HI titers and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly increased, whereas viral shedding titers and the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio were decreased. In conclusion, the oral administration of the mixed herbal extract for 5 weeks can stimulate the immune response to IBDV vaccination and relieves the pathogenicity of an AIV H9N2 and IBDV co-infection in chickens. |
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| Keywords: | Mixed herbal extract Immunostimulant Vaccination AIV H9N2 IBDV Co-infection Chickens |
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