Serological epidemiological surveillance for vapN-harboring Rhodococcus equi infection in goats |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Higashi 23-35-1, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan;2. Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Animal Health, 3-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2241, Japan;3. Okinawa Yaeyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-2 Miyara, Ishigaki, Okinawa, 907-0243, Japan;1. Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia;2. Department of Companion Animal Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia;3. Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China;2. Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China;1. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;2. State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;1. Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran;2. Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;1. Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan;2. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan;3. School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan;4. Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington D.C, USA;5. Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA;1. Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;2. Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;3. Department of Fermentation Technology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;4. Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland;5. Centre of Quality Control in Microbiology, Rydygiera 8 unit 20A, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland;6. Department of Animal Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23-35-1, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Rhodococcus equi causes suppurative pneumonia in foals aged 1–3 months; moreover, it has emerged as a pathogenic cause of zoonotic diseases. After the initial report of the ruminant-pathogenic factor VapN encoded by the novel virulence plasmid pVAPN, several reports have described ruminant infections caused by vapN-harboring R. equi. Herein, we conducted a serological epidemiological surveillance in goats at a breeding farm (Farm A) and characterized the vapN-harboring R. equi isolates from this farm. First, we established a simple screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant glutathione S-transferase–tagged VapN as an immobilized antigen. This method revealed that the VapN antibody titers were elevated in 12 of 42 goats. Subsequently, we attempted to isolate R. equi from the goat feces and soil of Farm A. choE+/vapN+ R. equi was isolated from the feces of Goat No. 27 and a soil sample near the shed. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of five vapN-harboring R. equi strains isolated from Farm A in 2013 and 2019 were investigated and found to be the same except for the strain (OKI2019F1). However, no difference was observed in VapN expression and growth in macrophages among these vapN-harboring R. equi isolates. Our results revealed that some goats had histories of vapN-harboring R. equi infections, and two genomic types of vapN-harboring R. equi were found in isolates from Farm A. Ruminant-specific (pVAPN-carrying) R. equi might be an unrecognized pathogen in Japan and further studies are required to determine its prevalence and distribution. |
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| Keywords: | ELISA Goat Intramacrophage growth Virulence-associated protein N |
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