辽宁省玉米高产潜力探索及创建“超高产田”关键技术研究

2006~2014年,辽宁省粮食丰产科技工程项目组在辽西项目区开展玉米高产潜力探索及小面积超高产田创建工作。对经过严格测产且产量达到和超过15 000 kg/hm2的32个地块的地理分布、种植品种、种植密度、产量和产量构成因素及创建关键技术进行分析。结果表明,从纬度看,高产田均出现在40.82°~42.07°N范围内;从海拔看,高产田出现在1 000 m以下。玉米高产田的平均产量为16 630.5 kg/hm2,75%以上高产田块的种植密度超过6.75×104株/hm2,收获穗数与产量呈正相关关系。辽单565产量为15 025.5~18 822.2 kg/hm2,收获穗数69 800~93 200穗/hm2,穗粒数453~510粒,千粒重422.5~463.9 g,穗粒重190.3~233.6 g。高产关键技术是采用耐密型高产稳产品种,合理提高密度,充足的水肥供给,科学管理和地膜覆盖。

Exploration of Maize High-yielding Potential and Technology for Creation of "Super High-yielding Plots" in Liaoning Province

Maize yield potential exploration and small area of super-high-yielding creation work were carried out by Liaoning Grain Productive Technology Engineering Team in the project area of western Liaoning province from 2006 to 2014. The results of geographical distribution, planting varieties, plant population, yield and yield components and key field management in 32 trial plots, which yield was equal to or above 15000 kg/ha were showed that, high yielding plots usually distributed at 40.82°-42.07°N and below 1 000 m elevation. Average yield of highyielding plot was 16 630.5 kg/ha, which plant density of 75% plot was 6.75×10⁴ plant/ha. Harvest ear number was positively related to yield. Seed yield of Liaodan565 was from 15 025.5 to 18 822.2 kg/ha, the harvest ear number was from 69 800 to 93 200 ear/ha, the kernel number per ear was from 453 to 510, the 1 000-kernel weight was from 422.5 to 463.9 g, kernel weight per ear was from 190.3 to 233.6 g. High yielding technology was mainly about that, choosing high density tolerant and high-yielding variety, increasing plant population, higher water and fertilizer supply, scientific management and plastic film mulching.