玉米氮、磷、钾、水和二氧化碳资源积累与利用的Meta分析

按照Meta分析原理,汇集近年来的玉米田间试验数据共722组,进行稳健统计、梯度和等值线分析。氮、磷、钾、水和二氧化碳共5个数据集的玉米产量中位数变化在7.91~10.61 t/hm2之间,生产百公斤玉米子粒N、P2O5、K2O、CO2、H2O的资源需求量分别为1.98、0.85、2.12、298.8 kg和44.2 m3。产量偏导数比值(资源利用效率的偏导数/积累量的偏导数)有3种表现,水与氮归为一类,产量偏导数比值大多数都在1/2以下,少数值为1,说明在大多数情况下,积累量的增产作用是资源利用效率的2倍以上,少数情况下二者作用相当;钾与磷为一类,产量偏导数比值以1最多,1/2和2次之,说明以资源利用效率和积累量的作用相当为主,但是,也有不少利用效率的作用是积累量的2倍以上,或者相反;二氧化碳绝大多数产量偏导数比值在2以上,较少部分的值为1,说明在绝大多数情况下资源利用效率的增产作用是积累量的2倍以上,少数情况下二者作用相当。当代玉米百公斤子粒的资源需求量明显下降,资源积累(消耗)量和利用效率对产量的相对重要性因二者组合所处的区域而异,不同资源因子对产量的作用格局不同。

Meta-analysis on Resource Consumption and Use of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Water and Carbon Dioxide in Maize

Historical data sets of maize field experiments, conducted in China mainland in recent years, were built with 722 pairs of resources uptake and their crop yields for meta-analysis. Only eligible data sets were subject to robust statistics, gradients and contour curves analysis. Median yields of N, P, K, H₂O and CO₂ varied from 7.91 to 10.61 t/ha. Resources requirements per 100 kg kernels of maize were respectively 1.98 kg N, 0.85 kg P₂O₅, 2.12 kg K₂O, 44.2 m³ H₂O, 298.8 kg CO₂. Partial derivative ratios of resources use efficiency to its uptake fellroughly into 3 categories: most ratios for H₂O and N were < 1, a little=1; most=1 and a little < or > 1 for K and P; vast majority > 2 and a little=1. Modern resources requirements per 100 kg kernels of maizedecrease substantially compared to the past. Relative importance to crop yield of resources uptake and use efficiency varied with their combination zones. Different resources factors act in the various patterns.