草地畜牧业生产方式调整和生态环境治理对策

以锡林郭勒典型草原为例，描述了草原区的自然环境特征、社会经济情况和生态环境退化现状。从系统物流平衡、环境气候变化，以及人类活动对草地生态系统的影响等方面探讨了草原生态环境劣变的原因。分析结果表明，放牧畜牧业是草原地区的主要土利利用形式，家畜是生态系统中植被的主要控制者，系统内物流（以N为例）的出入失调和季节性的草-畜供求失衡是引起草地生态系统迅速退化的主要因素。而其它因素（如气候变化、垦荒、挖药材等）对系统的劣变起了推波助澜的作用。为此，增加向系统内的物质投入，调整四季放牧的自然畜牧业生产方式，积极引种入牧，缓解草地春季敏感期放牧压力等，是治理和维护该地区草地生态系统健康，保证草原畜牧业可持续发展的有效措施。

Animal production maneuver and ecological rehabilitation in grassland areas -case study for Xilinguole steppe

This paper describes the natural environment, social and economic situations, and present status of the ecosystem in Xilinguole steppe. Causes of grassland degradation and environmental deterioration in this region were probed in the aspects of material flow, climate change, and effects of human activities on the grassland ecosystem. The results showed that grazing is a major using form of grassland, and domestic animal is the main controller of the vegetation in this region. Imbalanced material flow (Nitrogen as an example) and seasonal shortage of feed supply for animals are the two main factors causing deterioration of grassland ecosystem. Other factors, such as climate change, land reclamation and digging herbs on grassland, may accelerate grassland degradation process. The authors pointed out that measures, such as increasing material input, changing the whole year round grazing manner, increasing feed supply from cropping, are effective ways for maintaining and protecting the healthy ecoenvironment in this region.