陇东塬区周年水资源分布及对农业生产的影响

通过分析黄土高原典型残塬"董志塬"麦田周年水资源、不同季节水资源、冬小麦返青后生长期水资源构成,揭示了陇东黄土高原塬区麦田不同时段水资源潜力。结果表明多数年份早春土壤有效贮水量占生长季水资源总量20%以上,最高可达到38%。春季麦田水资源64%来源于早春土壤水库贮水,秋季麦田水资源52%来源于初秋土壤水库贮水,由于麦田春季消耗了大量土壤水库贮水,夏季麦田水资源只有22%来源于春末土壤水库贮水。冬小麦返青后生长期水资源一半来源于早春土壤贮水,一半来源于返青后生长期降水量。鉴于冬小麦既可以利用上年收墒期降水,又可以利用当年生长期降水,对周年水资源利用率较高,针对陇东塬区两年三熟的种植方式,建议采用冬小麦+小秋作物的种植模式,既可以变两年三熟为一年两熟,又可以提高土地利用率,有效利用光、热、水资源,增加单位面积产出。

Water Resource Distribution and Its Impact on Agricultural Production in the East of Gansu Province

We analyzed the water resources situation in different seasons and years for winter wheat in the loess plateau. The result showed that in the early spring of most years the soil effective water storage quantity accounts for more than 20% of the whole season . The wheat field water resources in the early spring is mainly from the soil reservoir (64%) and 52% of the wheat field water resources in the early fall is from the soil reservoir. Because the wheat consumed massive soil water in spring, the wheat field water resources is only 22% in summer.