脱毒马铃薯扩繁技术初探

本试验以早熟品种东农３０３、中熟品种系薯１号和晚熟品种晋薯７号为试验材料，采用Ｌ１２（４×３￣２）正交试验法，分室内和室外两组同时进行试验，结果表明，出芽天数随着温度的上升而减少；大薯块出芽数极显著高于中小薯块；出芽数则随着掰芽次数的增加而减少；系薯１号的出芽数明显高于晋薯７号，与东农３０３差异不显著．产量结果表明，主因素为品种；其次为薯块大小；掰芽次数间差异不显著；母薯则极显著高于掰芽次数．综合结果分析，脱毒马铃薯掰芽扩繁是一项节省种薯，提高繁殖系数的有效措施；以选择适宜当地种植的高产高效和大薯块掰芽为好；三次掰芽扩繁移栽和母薯直播是可行的马铃薯扩繁技术措施．

A TECHNIQUE FOR THE EXPANDED PROPAGATION OF VIRUS-FREE POTATOES

In this experiment, three cultivars, early maturing cultivar NEA303, medium maturingcultivar Xishu 1 and late maturing cultivar jinshu 7, were used as plant materials. L_(12)(4×3￣3)orthogonal experimental design was adopted and indoor and outdoor experimentswere carried out, rcspcctively. The days for potato tuber to sprout were decreased with ineease in tcmpcrature. The sprout number on large tubers was significant higher than that onsmall and mcdium tubcrs. The sprout number on tubers was decreased with increase in timesof taking out sprouts. The sprout number of cv. Xishu 1 was significant higher than cv. Jinshu7 but the diffcrence bctween cvs. Xishu 1 and NEA303 was not significant. The progeny tuberyield was innuenced by cultivar and mother tuber size. The yield derived from sprouts takenat different times shown no difference but the yield from mother tuber was significant higherthan that derived from sprouts. This experiment indicated that the virus-free potatoes couldbe multiplied rapidly by taking sprouts out up to thrce timcs for transplanting and thendirectly sowing mothcr tubers.