正交试验法在龙眼和荔枝组织培养中的应用

利用正交设计试验法研究了椰乳（ＣＭ）、２，４－Ｄ、赤霉素（ＧＡ３）和蔗糖等四个因素及其组合对石硖龙眼和桂味荔枝的幼胚愈伤组织产生的影响，并讨论了正交设计试验法应用于龙眼和荔枝组织培养培养基筛选的可能性。结果表明：１）对龙眼，诱导愈伤组织的最优组合是 ＣＭ １０％、２，４－Ｄ１．０ｍｇ·１－１、ＧＡ３０ｍｇ·１－１和蔗糖３％；对荔枝，最优组合是ＣＭ０％，２，４－Ｄ１．０ｍｇ·１－１，ＧＡ３０ｍｇ·１－１和蔗糖 ５％。 ２）适当的 ２，４－Ｄ浓度（１．０ ｍｇ·１－１）可提高愈伤组织的产量；３）ＧＡ３抑制了龙眼和荔枝的愈伤组织的产生；４）不同树种的胚需要不同的糖浓度；５）适当ＣＭ浓度（１０％）可提高龙眼愈伤组织的产量，而荔枝愈伤组织的产生并不需要ＣＭ。

Application of Orthogonal Experiment in Tissue Culture of Longan and Litchi

The difference of callus inihation of Dimocarpus longan Lour. cv. Shijia and Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. Guiwei from young embryos on different media were compared. Experiments were conducted by using the orthogonal experiment design. The coconut milk (CM), 2, 4-D ichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), gibberellin (GA3)and sucrose were used to compare their effects on callus initiation for young embryos.The possibility of application of the orthogonal experiment method in tissue culture of longan and litchi was discussed. Results showed that, (1) the best combination for longan was CM 10% (v/v),2,4-D 1 .0 mg.1-1 and sucrose 3.0% (m/v),without GA3, for litchi was 2,4-D 1 .0 mg.1-1 and sucrose 5.0%,without CM and GA3; (2)the 1 .0 mg' 1-1 concentration of 2,4-D was favorable for promoting the yield of callus; (3)GA3 inhibited callus initiation of longan and litchi; (4)embryos of different tree species demanded different concentration of sucrose for callus initiation; (5)the suitable concentration of CM(e. g. 10% v/v) was favorable for promoting the yield of longan callus while no CM was needed for callus initiation of litchi.