苹果粗皮病与锰含量的关系

对胶东半岛部分发生苹果粗皮病(IBN)的果园的土壤和植株进行了分析测定,结果表明:发生苹果粗皮病的果园土壤有效锰含量较高,而且粗皮病严重果园高于粗皮病较轻果园。发生粗皮病的苹果树花器官中锰含量较高,粗皮病最严重的姜格庄果园苹果树花器官中锰平均含量比观水镇高出139.28mg/kg,比季家埠重病园和轻病园分别高122.34和182.19mg/kg。从4月到10月,苹果粗皮病逐渐加重,叶片中锰含量逐步增高。10月份姜格庄果园最高锰含量达1717.85mg/kg,平均锰含量达1119.69mg/kg,而粗皮病较轻的季家埠果园则仅306.03mg/kg,前者比后者高265.88%。对不同部位锰含量测定表明,锰含量在叶片中最高,其次是韧皮部,木质部最低。表明胶东半岛苹果粗皮病的发生是因为锰过量。可能是土壤锰含量高,pH值低,降雨多,施肥不合理等,造成土壤锰有效性增加.导致树体吸收过量而出现粗皮病害。

Study on the Relationship Between Leaf Content of Manganese and Internal Bark Necrosis Disease of Apple Trees

Several apple orchards with internal bark necrosis (IBN) in Jiaodong peninsula were investigated, and the manganese concentrations in soils, leaves, flowers, and phloem, xylem tissues were analyzed. The results showed that the soil available manganese were higher in apple orchards with IBN. Manganese concentrations in flowers were higher in apple trees infected with severe IBN. Manganese concentrations in flowers of apple trees damaged by the most serious IBN at Jianggezhuang were 139.28,122.34 and 182.19 mg/kg higher than those at Guanshui and Jijiabu orchards. From April to October, the severity of IBN were increased, and Mn concentrations in leaves were raised with the severity of disorder; and the highest and average Mn concentration in leaves at Jianggezhuang were 1 717.85 and 1 119.69 mg/kg on October, while it were 306.03 mg/kg at Jijiabu with slight IBN, the former were 265.88% higher than the latter. Among the different parts of the tree, manganese concentrations in phloem were much higher than it in xylem, but lower than it in leaves. It showed that the internal bark necrosis disease of apple trees in Jiaodong peninsula were caused by Mn toxicity, due to the high Mn concentration in soils, low soil pH, high precipitation and unreasonable fertilizer application.