4U-1600型集堆式马铃薯挖掘机设计与试验

针对传统一级升运链马铃薯挖掘机土薯分离效果差、人工捡拾铺条劳动强度大的作业难题,设计了4U-1600型集堆式马铃薯挖掘机。对挖掘机阶梯挖掘铲、两级升运链式土薯分离输送装置及液压开启式集薯箱等关键部件进行设计与选型,并完成其关键参数的计算确定。以样机前进速度、一级土薯分离装置线速度和二级土薯分离升运装置线速度为自变量,以明薯率和伤薯率为响应值,依照BoxBehnken试验设计原理,采用三因素三水平响应面分析方法,分别建立了各因素与明薯率、伤薯率之间的数学模型,并对各因素及其交互作用进行分析。试验结果表明,对明薯率影响的主次顺序依次为二级土薯分离升运装置线速度、样机前进速度和一级土薯分离装置线速度,对伤薯率影响的主次顺序依次为一级土薯分离装置线速度、二级土薯分离升运装置线速度和样机前进速度;马铃薯挖掘机最佳工作参数为:样机前进速度1.50 m/s、一级土薯分离装置线速度1.37 m/s、二级土薯分离升运装置线速度0.89 m/s。验证试验表明,4U-1600型集堆式马铃薯挖掘机作业后,明薯率为95.11%、伤薯率为3.36%,性能试验指标均达到国家行业标准要求,表明在优化工作参数条件下该作业机能够提升马铃薯机械化收获质量。

Design and Experiment of 4U-1600 Set of Pile Type Potato Digger

Aiming at the poor separation effect and artificial pick up potato labor intensity of the one stage lift chain potato digger,the 4U-1600 set of pile type potato digger was designed.Based on the prototype designed and selected of key operation parts,and the structure and operation parameters of ladder digging blade,two stage lifting chain soil-potato separating and conveying device and hydraulic open type potato collecting box were determined.For further study of the improved working performance of set of pile type potato digger,the BoxBehnken experimental design with three factors and three levels was performed,parameters such as forward velocity,one stage soil-potato separating and conveying device velocity and two stage soil-potato separating and conveying device velocity were selected as independent variables,which would influence the potato obvious rate and potato injury rate.The mathematical model was established,and then the effects of various parameters and their interactions were analyzed as well.The test results showed that effects orders of three parameters on the potato obvious rate from primary to secondary were as follows:two stage soil-potato separating and conveying device velocity,forward velocity and one stage soil-potato separating and conveying device velocity.And effects orders of three parameters on the potato injury rate from primary to secondary were as follows:one stage soil-potato separating and conveying device velocity,two stage soil-potato separating and conveying device velocity and forward velocity.The optimal working parameters were forward velocity of 1.50 m/s,one stage soil-potato separating and conveying device velocity of 1.37 m/s and two stage soil-potato separating and conveying device velocity of 0.89 m/s.Confirmatory tests showed that the average value of the potato obvious rate and the potato injury rate were 95.11%and 3.36%,which were up to the relevant work quality evaluation specification requirements,and the experimental results met the design requirements of potato digger.