圈养林麝泌香期的行为多样性及与麝香分泌的关系

行为多样性可综合量化动物行为特征。根据林麝Moschus berezovskii摄食量和生理反应，泌香期划分为不同时期。为阐明圈养林麝泌香期行为多样性与泌香量的关系，2016年5月1日至7月31日，综合采用焦点取样和所有事件记录法，对四川马尔康林麝繁育中心的57头雄性林麝进行了行为取样和记录，计算了行为多样性指数，并根据年龄将林麝分为亚成体、成体和老年麝，结合个体的摄食量计测，利用单因素方差分析和相关系数法，分析了林麝各泌香时期的行为多样性及与年龄和麝香分泌量的关系。结果表明:马尔康圈养林麝亚成体雄麝麝香分泌前的行为多样性指数（n=38）显著高于老年麝（n=14，P < 0.05），后者与成体麝行为多样性指数（n=7）间无显著差异（P>0.05）；泌香后期老年麝行为多样性指数（n=49）显著低于亚成体（n=84，P < 0.05），并极显著地低于成体林麝（n=73，P < 0.01）。麝香分泌不同阶段的行为多样性与其泌香量间的相关不显著（r=-0.016，n=57，P>0.05）。老年林麝的行为多样性指数在麝香分泌前期（n=14）及后期（n=49）均显著低于同期的亚成体行为多样性（n=38，n=84，P < 0.05），2个时期行为多样性居中个体的麝香分泌（n=4，n=28）相对更多；麝在泌香中期的行为多样性（n=71）随年龄增加呈攀升趋势，而且行为多样性低的个体泌香量（n=3）更高。圈养林麝泌香期的行为多样性可作为其泌香量的预测指标，可应用于麝类动物驯养及麝香生产实践。

Relationship between behavioral diversity and musk secretion of captive forest musk deer

Behavioral diversity can comprehensively quantify the behavior characteristics of animals, according to the food intake and physiological responses of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), periods of musk secretion were divided. In order to elucidate relationship between behavior diversity and musk secretion of forest musk deer, from May 1st to July 31st 2016, behavior of 57 male forest musk deer in the Sichuan Maerkang Musk Deer Breeding Center were observed and recorded by focal sampling and the all-occurrence recording method. According to the age, the musk deer can be divided into subadults, adults and the elderly. Then, the characteristics of musk secretion in each period and the relationship between age and musk secretion were analyzed by calculating the behavior diversity index (BDI) combined with food-intake monitoring by single factor analysis of variance and correlation coefficient method. Results indicated that BDI of subadults (n=38) before musk secretion was significantly higher than that of the elderly (n=14, P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between the elderly and adults (n=7) in BDI (P>0.05). After musk secretion, BDI of the elderly (n=49) was significantly lower than that of subadults (n=84, P < 0.05) and highly significant and lower than that of adults (n=73, P < 0.01). BDI and musk secretion for each period were not significantly correlated (r=-0.016, n=57, P>0.05). In the early period of musk secretion, BDI of the elderly (n=14) and subadults (n=38) as well as BDI in the later period of musk secretion for the elderly (n=49) and subadults (n=84) were significantly lower (P < 0.05), of which those with medium BDI produced more musk (n=4, n=28) in the 2 periods. In the mid-secretive period, BDI (n=71) of musk deer increased with the age, and individuals with low BDI produced more musk (n=3). Thus, BDI of captive forest musk deer for the entire musk secretion period could be used as a prediction index of musk production, which, in turn, could be utilized in musk deer farming and musk production practices.