上海市典型畜禽养殖场恶臭污染物排放特征调查

以上海市10家典型畜禽养殖场为对象,采用现场布点采样、实验室分析的方法,调查不同畜禽种类(蛋鸡、奶牛和肉猪)与不同排放环节的恶臭排放特征。结果表明:各畜禽养殖场场界臭气浓度为<10~128。蛋鸡场、奶牛场、猪场的主要恶臭排放环节臭气浓度分别为10~412、10~511和10~538。蛋鸡场粪便堆肥环节、奶牛场污水贮存环节、猪场畜舍养殖环节分别为该类畜禽养殖场的主要臭气排放环节,应重点加以控制。猪场春夏季的NH₃、H₂S浓度与臭气浓度极显著(P<0.01)相关,而奶牛场的NH₃、H₂S浓度与臭气浓度无显著相关性。粪污处理工艺对比表明,制作有机肥相比简易堆肥能有效降低粪便堆肥环节的臭气浓度。

Investigation into emission characteristics of odor pollutants in typical livestock and poultry farms in Shanghai

Ten typical livestock (layer, dairy, swine) farms in Shanghai were selected as the research object. The characteristics of odor pollutants emissions of typical livestock and poultry farms and different emission stages were investigated by using on-site sampling and laboratory analysis. It was shown that the odor concentration of each farm boundary was between<10 and 128. The odor concentrations of main odor emission stages in layer farms, dairy farms and swine farms were 10-412, 10-511 and 10-538, respectively. Manure composting of the layer farms, waste water storage of the dairy farms and housing of swine farms had greater odor emission than the other odor emission stages of the according livestock and poultry farms, to which more attentions should be paid. There were significant (P<0.01) correlations within NH₃, H₂S contents and odor concentration in swine farms, yet these correlations were not significant in dairy farms. Organic fertilizer production could reduce the odor concentration effectively as compared with simple composting in the manure treatment stage.