经营管理对森林土壤有机碳库影响的研究进展

森林土壤有机碳库在全球碳循环及减缓气候变暖中发挥着重要作用。施肥、火烧、采伐、林下植被管理、覆盖等营林措施改变了森林生态系统的生产力，显著影响了森林土壤的碳输入和碳输出。综述了主要营林措施对森林土壤有机碳库的影响及其机制，并探讨今后的研究重点。总体而言，施用有机肥、有机无机肥配施及生物质炭添加均可提高土壤有机碳含量。氮肥对土壤有机碳含量的影响存在增加、降低和无影响3种结果；火烧对土壤有机碳的影响取决于火烧后恢复时间、火烧温度、火烧强度、土层深度等因素；皆伐通过改变土壤温度、含水量、有机碳来源等因素，导致森林土壤有机碳含量下降；而间伐对土壤有机碳的影响则与间伐强度有关；去除林下植被及凋落物加快了土壤有机碳的分解，但林下植被的替代与添加则会提高土壤有机碳含量；覆盖提高了土壤有机碳含量，但导致有机碳稳定性下降。随着研究方法和观测手段的不断发展，今后应深入研究营林措施对土壤碳形态、结构和转化过程的影响；同时，更多关注人为管理和气候变化对森林土壤碳库产生的叠加效应。

Effects of forest management on soil organic carbon pool: a review

Forest soil as an important carbon sink plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle and mitigation of climate warming. Fertilization, fire, cutting, understory management an dmulching have changed the productivity of forest ecosystem, which significantly affects the carbon input and carbon output of forest soil. This paper analyzed the effects of different kinds of forest management practices on soil organic carbon pool and proposed important directions for future research, in order to improve the carbon sequestration capacity of plantation soils through forest management practices. Organic fertilizer, organic-inorganic fertilizer and biochar tended to improve the soil active carbon content. N fertilizers reduced the soil active organic carbon content in N-rich forests, but there was an increase or no significant difference in soil active organic carbon content in N-poor forest. The influence of fire on soil organic carbon pool was determined by time length after fire, fire temperature, fire intensity and soil depth. Clear-cut changed the soil temperature, water content and organic matter sources, and thus reduced the organic carbon storage of forest soil. The effect of thinning on soil organic carbon content was related to the harvesting intensity. Understory weeding enhanced soil temperature which could accelerate the decomposition of soil organic carbon, whereas the replacement and addition of understory vegetation would do the other way around. Mulching of organicresidues in forests helped to increase the soil organic carbon content but decreased its stability. With the development of research theory and technology, the impact of forest management practiceson soil carbon form and structure onsoil carbon form and structure will become the main direction for future research.