大气降尘污染对典型农作物生长发育及重金属含量的影响

为揭示大气降尘对作物生长和农产品品质的影响,采用不同来源和不同程度的降尘,模拟开展降尘-农作物盆栽试验,分析青菜和水稻幼苗光合及呼吸速率、叶绿素含量、地上部干物质质量以及重金属含量的变化。结果表明,大气降尘显著抑制了2种农作物的光合速率,降低了叶片中叶绿素含量,同时提高了呼吸速率,导致青菜和水稻幼苗地上部干物质质量分别下降了11.8%~51.3%和12.7%~35.5%。大气降尘使青菜和水稻幼苗植株中部分重金属元素含量显著增加,农作物安全品质降低。

Effects of atmospheric dust-fall pollution on growth and heavy metal contents of typical crops

In order to investigate the influence of atmospheric dust-fall on the crop growth and product quality, the dust-fall collected from different sources was used to simulate the dust-fall deposition experiments with two typical crops under different concentrations. The photosynthetic and respiratory rates, chlorophyll content, biomass and heavy metal contents of aboveground parts of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis) and rice (Oryza sativa) seedling were analyzed. The results showed that atmospheric dust-fall significantly inhibited the photosynthetic rates of these crops, reduced the leaf chlorophyll contents, and enhanced the respiration rates, resulting in a decrease of dry weight of aboveground pakchoi and rice seedling by 11.8%-51.3 % and 12.7%-35.5%, respectively. Atmospheric dust-fall significantly increased the contents of some heavy metals accumulated in pakchoi and rise seedling, and eventually worsened the crop quality.