水肥处理对竹叶花椒土壤养分和微生物的影响

为了解水肥措施对竹叶花椒Zanthoxylum armatum土壤养分含量和微生物数量的影响，通过盆栽设置土壤含水量（20.0%，40.0%，60.0%和80.0%的田间持水量），氮肥（氮施肥量分别为0，75.0，150.0和300.0 kg·hm-2），磷肥（五氧化二磷施肥量分别为0，30.0，60.0和120.0 kg·hm-2）和钾肥（氧化钾施肥量分别为0，75.0，150.0和300.0 kg·hm-2）4因素4水平正交试验，研究水肥耦合对盆栽竹叶花椒生长、土壤有效养分含量和微生物数量的影响。结果表明:竹叶花椒地径（D），苗高（H）和D2H，土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌，总微生物数量、碱解氮和有效磷质量分数均随土壤水分含量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势。地径、苗高和D2H，碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾质量分数随施肥量的增加而增加，土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌和总微生物数量随施肥量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势。土壤微生物数量和养分含量与竹叶花椒地径和苗高均呈显著相关；土壤肥力隶属度和D2H呈显著相关。通过对土壤肥力隶属度（y）与土壤含水量（x₁），氮肥（x₂），磷肥（x₃）和钾肥（x₄）的多元回归预测得到，最适宜竹叶花椒幼苗土壤养分和微生物提高的水肥组合为:土壤含水量为61.5%，施肥量为244.3 kg·hm-2氮肥，112.4 kg·hm-2磷肥和240.1 kg·hm-2钾肥。

Nutrients and microbes in soils of Zanthoxylum armatum with water and fertilizer treatments

To explore water and fertilizer coupling effects on growth, nutrient content, and microbial populations in soils of Zanthoxlum armatum, a pot experiment with soil field water capacity (FWC, including 20.0%, 40.0%, 60.0%, and 80.0% field water-holding capacity), nitrogen (including 0, 75.0, 150.0, and 300.0 kg·hm-2), phosphate (including 0, 30.0, 60.0, and 120.0 kg·hm-2), and potassium (including 0, 75.0, 150.0, and 300.0 kg·hm-2) fertilizers, four factors and four levels in an orthogonal design, was conducted a randomized block design was used with three replicates of each of the sixteen treatments. Results showed that with an increase in soil water content, ground diameter (D), height (H), and D2H of Z. armatum; populations of soil bacteria, actynomycete, fungi, and total microbes; as well as content of hydrolysis-N and available-P increased first and then decreased. The D, H, and D2H of Z. armatum, and content of hydrolysis-N, available-P, and available-K increased with a rise of fertilization (N, P₂O₅, and K₂O) levels. The soil microbial populations and nutrient content were significantly correlated to D and H of Z. armatum (P < 0.05), and the degree of subordination for soil fertility was significantly correlated to D2H (P < 0.05). The regression relationships of soil fertility membership (y) with soil water content (x₁), nitrogen fertilizer (x₂), phosphorus fertilizer (x₃), and potassium fertilizer (x₄) were analyzed, and the obtained optimal combination of water and fertilizer was 61.5% field water capacity, 244.3 kg·hm-2 of nitrogen fertilizer, 112.4 kg·hm-2 of phosphate fertilizer, and 240.1 kg·hm-2 of potassium fertilizer.