5种水生植物对煤矿废水的适应性及净化效果

为了研究不同水生植物对煤矿废水的适应性和净化情况，以水麦冬Triglochin palustre，三棱水葱Scirpus triqueter，石菖蒲Acorus tatarinowii，香蒲Typha orientalis，芦苇Phragmites communis 5种水生植物为材料，用塑料水培箱模拟人工湿地，通过测定净光合速率和蒸腾速率，比较分析煤矿废水和清水对照2个处理下植物的光合特性和生长情况。并设置煤矿废水处理组、废水静置（ck₁）和河沙+废水静置（ck₂），每月测定其水质，研究5种水生植物对煤矿废水中化学需氧量、总磷和总氮的去除效果。结果表明:煤矿废水处理下水麦冬、石菖蒲、三棱水葱的叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率均显著大于清水对照（P < 0.05），香蒲、芦苇的则小于清水对照；煤矿废水处理下水麦冬、三棱水葱的叶绿素相对含量、株高、生物量增加量均显著大于清水对照（P < 0.05），香蒲、石菖蒲、芦苇的则小于清水对照，说明水麦冬和三棱水葱对煤矿废水的适应性较强。5种植物对煤矿废水的净化效果明显，化学需氧量质量浓度从363 mg·L-1降低到8~18 mg·L-1，总磷质量浓度从2.07 mg·L-1降低到0.06~0.17 mg·L-1，总氮质量浓度从20.00 mg·L-1降低到0.23~0.87 mg·L-1。综合考虑去除效果和去除速率，香蒲、芦苇和三棱水葱好于水麦冬和石菖蒲。

Adaptability and purification effect on coal mine wastewater with five aquatic plants

In order to study the adaptability and purification effect on coal mine waste water with different aquatic plants in this paper, using plastic cartons as simulated wetlands, physiological and growth characteristics of five aquatic plants (Triglochin palustre, Scirpus triqueter, Acorus tatarinowii, Typha orientalis, and Phragmites communis) treated with coal mine wastewater and clean water were compared and analyzed by measuring net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and transpiration rate (T_r). The water quality of coal mine wastewater treatment, ck₁(static wastewater) and ck₂(river sand + static wastewater) were measured monthly to understand the removal effect of the five aquatic plants for chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) in coal mine wastewater. Results showed that net P_n and T_r of T. palustre, A. tatarinowii, and S. triqueter with coal mine wastewater were significantly higher than that of clear water(P < 0.05); whereas, P_n and T_r of T. orientalis and P. communis were not. The relative content of chlorophyll, plant height, and biomass increase of Triglochin palustre and S. triqueter with coal mine wastewater were significantly higher than with clear water(P < 0.05), but T. orientalis, A. tatarinowii, and P. communis were not. Furthermore, results showed that all five species were highly efficient with decreasing concentrations of COD_Cr from 363 mg·L-1 to 8-18 mg·L-1, TP from 2.07 mg·L-1 to 0.06-0.17 mg·L-1, and TN from 20.00 mg·L-1 to 0.23-0.87 mg·L-1. Thus, adaptability of T. palustr and S. triqueter to coal mine wastewater was stronger, and by comprehensive consideration of removal efficiency and removal rate, T. orientalis, P. communis, and S. triqueter were better than T. palustre and A. tatarinowii.