塔里木流域“四源一干”生态需水量的估算

塔里木流域“四源一干”气候干旱 ,降水量少 ,蒸发强烈 ,生态环境十分脆弱 ,春旱、夏洪、盐碱、风沙是流域普遍存在的自然灾害。塔里木流域的水资源利用与生态环境问题引起了国内外的广泛关注 ,根据对地下水、土壤水、植物生长与生态环境状况之间的定量关系研究 ,界定合理的生态水位 ,并应用植被耗水及定额法估算塔河流域、叶尔羌河流域、和田河流域及开都河—孔雀河流域 4源流区的生态需水量分别为 16 .18× 10 8m3,14.796×10 8m3,7.985 3× 10 8m3及 10 .4998× 10 8m3,干流区在 2 0 0 5年、2 0 10年及 2 0 30年 3个目标年的生态需水量分别为 31.85 9× 10 8m3,36 .2 72 3× 10 8m3及 41.0 35 5× 10 8m3。在国家实施西部大开发战略的进程中 ,探讨塔里木流域生态可持续的需水理论与模式 ,在目前及未来的区域社会经济发展中具有重大意义。

Estimation on EcologicalWater Demand Amount in Four Sources and One Main Stream Area of Tarim Basin

Either climate is dry and precipitation is little or evaporationis intense, the ecological environment is quite fragile. The natural disasters, such as, drough t in spring, flooding in summer, salinization and blowing sand, are ubiquitously in existence in the Tarim Basin. Water resource utilization and ecological envi ronment issues have been given rise to widely attention in the Tarim Basin. Acco rding to the study on groundwater and soil moisture as well as the relations be t ween vegetation growth and ecological environment quality, rational ecological w ater level is delimitated. Based on vegetation water consumption and quota estim ation, the ecological water demand amount in four sources including Tarim River Basin, Yekat River Basin, Hetian River Basin and Kaidu－Kongque River Basin a re 16.18×108m3，14.796×108m3，7.985 3×108m3 and 10.499 8×108m3,respectively. The ecological water demand amount in the main stream in 20 05,2010 and 2030 are 31.859×108m3，36.272 3×108m3 and 41.035 5×108m3, respectively. Under proceeding of China accelerating development in west e rn regions, to approach the theory and pattern for ecological sustainable develo pment in the Tarim Basin, it has great significance in social economic develop ment at present and future.