规模化奶牛场育成牛和泌乳牛产排污系数的测算

为了给奶牛场环境工程设施的设计提供基础参数,并为畜禽养殖业环境污染的防治提供科学依据,对黑龙江省规模化奶牛场育成牛和泌乳牛的产污系数和排污系数进行了测算。结果表明:每头育成牛粪便、尿液、化学需氧量(COD)、氮、磷、铜和锌的产污系数分别为15.77kg/d、7.23L/d、2132.49g/d、112.82g/d、50.28g/d、96.04mg/d和461.89mg/d;每头泌乳牛粪便、尿液、COD、氮、磷、铜和锌的产污系数分别为33.47kg/d、16.34L/d、4265.58g/d、270.88g/d、182.99g/d、196.34mg/d和979.09mg/d;每头育成牛COD、氮、磷、铜和锌的排污系数分别为540.39g/d、34.34g/d、13.29g/d、18.37mg/d和91.06mg/d;每头泌乳牛COD、氮、磷、铜和锌的排污系数分别为1000.58g/d、85.29g/d、59.65g/d、39.64mg/d和213.31mg/d;育成牛和泌乳牛的粪便收集率分别为73.31%和69.93%;黑龙江省规模化奶牛场所产生的污染物大约有20%～30%排放到环境中。

Calculation of pollutants producing and discharging coefficients of heifers and lactating dairy cows in large-scale dairy farms

To provide basic parameters for environmental engineering facilities in large-scale dairy farms,the pollutants producing and discharging coefficients in heifers and lactating dairy cows were assessed for large-scale dairy farms in Heilongjiang province.The results showed that the pollutants producing coefficients of feces,urine,chemical oxygen demand(COD),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphrus(TP),Cu,and Zn for each heifer were15.77 kg/d,7.23 L/d,2 132.49 g/d,112.82 g/d,50.28 g/d,96.04 mg/d,and 461.89 mg/d,respectively;and those for each lactating dairy cow were 33.47 kg/d,16.34 L/d,4 265.58 g/d,270.88 g/d,182.99 g/d,196.34 mg/d,and 979.09 mg/d,respectively.The pollutants discharging coefficients of COD,TN,TP,Cu,and Zn for each heifer were 540.39 g/d,34.34 g/d,13.29 g/d,18.37 mg/d,and 91.06 mg/d,respectively;and those for each lactating dairy cow were 1 000.58 g/d,85.29 g/d,59.65 g/d,39.64 mg/d,and 213.31 mg/d,respectively.The rate of fecal collection for heifers and lactating dairy cows were 73.31% and 69.93%,respectively.About 20%-30% of pollutants produced by large-scale dairy farms were leaked into environment in Heilongjiang province.