采粉期及贮藏条件对猕猴桃花粉生活力的影响

【目的】研究不同采粉期及贮藏条件对猕猴桃花粉生活力的影响，为猕猴桃生产中人工辅助授粉和杂交育种提供依据。【方法】以猕猴桃品种“中华系401”为试材，分别于开花前3，2，1 d及大蕾期和开花后6，12，24 h采集花粉，比较不同采粉期对猕猴桃花粉生活力的影响；以“软枣猕猴桃”、“秦雄201”、“中华系401”和“毛花猕猴桃”雄株为试材，采集大蕾期花粉，分别进行常温贮藏（18～26 ℃）、低温(4和-15 ℃)贮藏，比较不同贮藏条件下猕猴桃的花粉生活力。【结果】开花前3 d，猕猴桃花粉生活力仅为1.92%；开花前2和1 d，猕猴桃花粉生活力分别达到48.07%和69.11%；大蕾期猕猴桃花粉生活力最高，达82.31%；开花后6，12和24 h的花粉生活力分别为66.89%，46.03%和31.40%，均不及大蕾期高。4种猕猴桃新鲜花粉的生活力均较高，达70%以上。常温条件下，猕猴桃花粉仅可贮藏6～9 d；4 ℃冷藏条件下，花粉生活力可维持60～150 d，平均达90 d；而-15 ℃冷冻条件下花粉生活力更长，可达360 d。【结论】以采用大蕾期花粉进行人工授粉为宜；贮藏温度是影响猕猴桃花粉生活力的重要因素之一，温度越低，花粉的贮藏效果越好。

Effects of different collecting pollen periods and storage conditions on pollen viability of kiwifruit

【Objective】 Research about effects of different collecting pollen periods and storage conditions on pollen viability of kiwifruit was conducted for the production of artificial auxiliary pollination and hybrid breeding with favorable basis.【Method】 With Zhonghuaxi 401 as test materials,pollens in flowering before 3,2,1 d big budding period and flowering 6,12,24 h were collected;With soft dates kiwifruit,Qinxiong 201,Zhonghuaxi 401 and Maohua kiwifruit as test materials,pollens in big budding period were collected,and stored under normal temperature(18-26 ℃),low temperature(4 and-15 ℃).Pollen viability of kiwifruit in different collecting pollen periods and storage conditions was compared.【Result】 Kiwifruit pollen viability has only 1.92% in the flowering before 3 d;kiwifruit pollen viability has reached 48.07% and 69.11% in the flowering before 2 d and 1 d;the big budding pollen viability was the highest,reaching 82.31%.In the flowering 6 h,12 h and 24 h,pollen viability was 66.89%,46.03% and 31.40%,and they all were lower than the big budding.Four different kinds of kiwifruit fresh pollen viability was all higher,more than 70%.Under normal conditions,kiwifruit pollen can only be stored for 6-9 d,at 4 ℃ refrigerated condition pollen life would maintain 60-150 d,average storage can be as long as 90 d,and under-15 ℃ frozen conditions pollen viability can keep longer,would reach 360 d.【Conclusion】 It is better to use pollen in big budding;temperature is one of the important factors affecting kiwifruit pollen viability.The lower the temperature is,the better the results of the pollen storage is.