花椰菜—黑芥体细胞杂交获得抗黑腐病异附加系新材料

 以花椰菜—黑芥体细胞杂种的自交及回交后代为材料，建立了结合抗病性人工接种鉴定，流式细胞仪DNA含量分析，B基因组特异分子标记和染色体原位杂交的大规模群体分析技术，在50份高代自交及回交材料中筛选获得了20份形态学特征偏向花椰菜，30份呈花椰菜—黑芥中间类型的材料。细胞DNA含量检测（FLC）及染色体计数结果表明，偏花椰菜的类型，DNA含量基本在2.24 pg · cell^-1以下，染色体数在28条以下。经连续3年黑腐病病菌人工接种鉴定，获得高抗株系12个，抗性株系17个，占全部受试材料的14%。对其中3个（PFCN29 BC3-3-5、PFCN16-1 S2BC3-107和PFCN14-1 S1BC4-123）形态偏花椰菜且高抗黑腐病的植株进行基因组原位杂交，结果显示其分别为花椰菜染色体组附加了2、7和8条黑芥染色体的异附加系材料。这些植株可以用于后续的研究和作为育种桥梁材料，进一步获得黑腐病抗性的单体附加系或渐渗系。本研究表明通过体细胞杂交转育野生优异抗性资源，创新甘蓝类蔬菜育种种质的可行性。

New Alien Additon Lines Resistance to Black Rot Generated by Somatic Hybridization Between Cauliflower and Black Mustard

In this study，the asymmetrical somatic hybrids of cauliflower and Brassica nigra and their selfed or backcrossed progenies were analysed using morphological，cytological and molecular methods. Fifty advanced selfing or backcrossing descendants were obtained. Besides 30 lines with an intermediate morphology to that of the parents，there were 20 lines with a nuclear DNA content below 2.24 pg · cell^-1 and chromosomes number less than 28 displaying the cauliflower-like morphology. Combining with successive black rot resistance assay，a set of alien additon lines were obtained，in which 12 lines with high resistance，17 lines being resistant，those accounted for 14% of the total materials tested. Three plants（PFCN29 BC3-3-5，PFCN16-1 S2BC3-107 and PFCN14-1 S1BC4-123）displayed a more cauliflower-like morphology and high resistance to Xcc strain CH15 were confirmed to have a total set of cauliflower chromosomes added with 2，7 and 8 B. nigra-derived chromosomes respectively by genomic in situ hybridization（GISH）.