应用自动测量系统研究流量对土壤入渗性能测定的影响

土壤入渗对水文过程研究与农林业生产等具有十分重要的意义。将土壤入渗性能自动测量系统应用于室内试验，研究不同供水流量对土壤人渗性能测定结果的影响，以检验测量方法和系统及其对流量的反应。试验包括3个流量（0．75、1．02、1．92L／h），每个流量设置3次重复。测量系统在计算机控制下，自动获取地表湿润面积随时间的变化（增大）过程，然后分别应用数值算法和近似算法计算土壤入渗性能。结果表明：测量系统使用方便，计算过程简便；供水流量对土壤入渗性能的测量结果影响不显著，不同流量的测量结果均可以准确表达土壤人渗的全过程。试验测量结果为该方法应用的流量范围提供了参考，同时为进一步理解土壤人渗过程提供了工具。

Effects of flow rate on soil infiltrability measurement with the automatic system

Soil infiltrability is of great importance for such researches and applications as hydrological processes and agriculture and forestry industries and etc. In the laboratory experiments the automatic soil infiltrability measurement system was applied to study the effect of the flow rate on the measured soil infihrability so as to test measurement method and the instrument system and their responses to flow rates. The experiments involved three inflow rates （0.75, 1.02, and 1.92 L/h） with 3 replicates. The measurement system, as controlled by a computer, automatically recorded the advancing processes （increase） of the wetted soil surface area, and then it was used to estimate the soil infiltrabilities with the numerical method and the average approximation methods. The results indicated that the system is convenient to use and the computational procedures are simple. There were no significant differences among the measured infiltration processes. The infiltrability processes measured under different flow rates equally represent the whole infiltration processes of the soil. This study supplies a reference for the range of used flow rates for infiltrability measurement. The system is demonstrated to be useful for further understanding of the soil infiltration process.