不同施肥处理对梁平柚产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响

通过连续3 a (2014—2017年)的田间试验,以10 a生梁平柚为研究对象,研究不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、50%化肥+50%有机肥(CF+OF)和单施有机肥(OF)下梁平柚产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,在不同施肥处理中,CF+OF、OF和CF的单果重均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但CF+OF的柚子单株果实数最高,柚子产量分别高出OF、CF和CK 8.2%、31.2%和11.82%;CF+OF处理中,柚子果实中的果汁含量、总糖、游离氨基酸和维生素C比CK分别提高20.40%、18.95%、64.34%和27.06%,而柚子果皮厚度、种子数和总酸度显著降低,品质改善;施肥显著提高土壤微生物生物量碳氮,在不同施肥处理中,微生物生物量碳氮比介于7.39～13.89,且差异显著(P<0.05)。CF+OF处理中,柚子成熟期土壤可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌数量显著高于或相似于单施化肥,说明化肥和有机肥配施能促进微生物生长繁殖,协调土壤养分供应,改善柚子营养。虽然不同施肥处理对土壤pH无显著影响(P>0.05),但是与CK相比,OF和CF+OF处理有机质和速效钾...

Effects of Different Fertilization on Yield, Quality and Soil Fertility of Liangpin Pomelo (Citrus Maxima (Burm.) Merr. cv. Liangpin Yu)

A field experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2017 with Liangping pomelo (Citrus Maxima (Burm.) Merr. cv. Liangpin Yu) aged 10 a as the object. Different fertilization were designed, which included no fertilizer (CK), single chemical fertilizer (CF), 50% fertilizer + 50% organic fertilizer (CF+OF), and single organic fertilizer (OF), and then their effects on the yield, quality and soil fertility of pomelo were studied. The results showed that no significant difference existed in the single fruit weight between CF+OF, OF and CF, however, CF + OF had the highest fruit number per plant, and its pomelo yield was 8.2%, 31.2% and 11.82% higher than those of OF, CF and CK, respectively. Compared with CK, CF+OF increased fruit juice content, total sugar, free amino acid and vitamin C in pomelo by 20.40%, 18.95%, 64.34% and 27.06% respectively, while decreased significantly peel thickness, seed number and total acidity of pomelo, thus improved the quality of pomelo. Fertilization significantly increased soil microbial biomass C and N. In different fertilization, the ratio of microbial C and N changed from 7.39 to 13.89 with significant differences (P<0.05). The number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the maturing stage of pomelo was significantly higher in CF+OF than or similar to those of single fertilization, indicating that CF+OF could promote the growth and reproduction of soil microbes, coordinate the supply of soil nutrients and improve the nutrition of pomelo. Different fertilization had no significant effect on soil pH (P>0.05). Compared with CK, OF and CF+OF increased the contents of soil organic matter and available potassium content, while CF had no significant difference with CK (P>0.05); CF, OF and CF+OF increased significantly the content of available phosphorus by 6.53%, 22.74% and 34.72% respectively compared with CK (P<0.05). CF+OF had the highest content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, followed by CF and OF, while CK was the lowest. In addition, combination application of organic and inorganic fertilizers also improved the activities of soil invertase, urease, phosphatase and catalase, which was beneficial to the cycle of soil organic matter, the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the elimination of reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, the combination application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can increase the yield and quality of Liangping pomelo, coordinate the supply of soil nutrients, increase the number of soil microbes and the activities of soil enzymes, which is beneficial to the transformation and health of soil nutrients, and should be to advocated in the fertilization of pomelo.