不同封孔方式对番茄缓苗期土壤水盐分布及番茄生长的影响

为探究不同封孔方式对番茄幼苗成活率的影响,试验以传统土封孔为对照,设置不封孔和沙封孔两个处理,对比研究3个处理方式下土壤水盐分布特征及番茄幼苗的生长状况。结果表明:不同处理棵间各土层土壤含水量和含盐量差异不显著。不封孔和沙封孔较土封孔显著降低了番茄根系区土壤含水量,0～10 cm和10～20 cm含水量平均较土封孔低12.82%、9.61%和11.39%、10.13%,为番茄幼苗的生长提供了适宜的土壤水分条件;根系区0～10 cm和10～20 cm含盐量平均较土封孔低30.17%、34.64%和30.26%、28.29%,抑制了土壤盐分表聚,为幼苗的生长提供了相对淡化的土壤环境。不同处理间番茄植株生长状况基本一致,但不封孔和沙封孔促进了幼苗根系的伸长,并显著提高了幼苗成活率,幼苗扎根深度平均较土封孔高13.74%和9.16%,成活率高10.36%和11.06%。河套灌区番茄定植栽培宜采用不封孔或沙封孔。

Effects of Different Sealing Methods on Soil Moisture, Salt Distribution and Growth of Tomato in Seedling Stage

To explore the effect of different sealing methods on the survival rate of tomato seedlings, three treatments of soil sealing were designed in this paper, which included the traditional soil sealing (CK), unsealed hole and sand sealed hole, and the distribution of soil water, salt and the growth of tomato seedlings were compared. The results showed that no significant difference existed between soil moistures and salt contents in different soil layers between tomato plants. Unsealed hole and sand sealed hole reduced average soil moistures of tomato root area significantly by 12.82% and 10.63% for 0-10 cm soil, 11.39% and 10.13% for 10-20 cm soil compared with those of CK, which provided suitable soil moisture for tomato seedling growth. Unsealed hole and sand sealed hole reduced average salt contents of root zone by 30.17% and 34.64% for 0-10 cm soil and 30.26% and 28.29% for 10-20 cm soil compared with those of CK, which inhibited soil salt accumulation and provided a relatively desalinated soil environment for tomato seedling growth. The growth of tomato seedlings were similar under different treatments, but unsealed hole and sand sealed hole promoted the elongation of seedling roots, significantly increased the survival rate of tomato seedlings, and increased the root depth of tomato seedlings by 13.74% and 9.16% and the survival rate by 10.36% and 11.06% compared with those of CK, thus, unsealed hole or sand sealed hole should be adopted for tomato planting in Hetao irrigation area.