静电喷雾的突变特性分析和试验

建立了雾滴充电过程的电学模型，从理论上解释了雾滴荷电过程中先出现瞬时不稳定的充电电压与荷电电流关系，随后电压降低，电流突然增大，形成倒Z形关系的现象和产生突变特性的机理。分析揭示了不稳定现象和突变特性的实质是感应充电进入电晕充电的过渡过程。电极的结构形式、充电方式、充电液体的介电物理性质都直接影响雾滴的荷电效果。理论和试验表明，感应充电和电晕充电中雾滴的荷电量与充电电压间存在着线性关系。

Analysis and Experiment of Drastic Characteristics in Electrostatic Spraying

An electric model of droplet charging process is constructed to explain theoretically the relatedness of instantaneous and unsteady charging voltage with the corona current in the droplet charging process during the electrostatic spraying. The voltage is depressing while the current is increasing rapidly, resulting in the phenomenon of inverse-Z type and the mechanism of drastic characteristics. The essence for this unstable phenomenon and the drastic characteristic lies in the transition of induction charging process to the corona charging process. The effect of droplet charging is affected directly by the structure of the pole, the charging mode and the dielectric properties of the liquid. The findings theoretically and experimentally reveal that there exists a linear relation between the droplet charging amount and the charging voltage in the induction-charging and the corona-charging processes.