棕色棉细胞质雄性不育花药的细胞学观察

对棕色棉细胞质雄性不育系和保持系的小孢子发生进行了细胞学观察. 结果表明,棕色棉不育系小孢子发生败育的时期是在造孢细胞增殖至小孢子母细胞进行减数分裂的整个过程中. 造孢细胞和小孢子母细胞退化导致雄性不育的主要细胞形态学特征是:造孢细胞核仁增大、细胞质液泡化和细胞形状畸形,还有因核仁物质弥散而使整个细胞染色较深;小孢子母细胞核仁穿壁普遍、多核仁、染色体行为异常、细胞互相粘连成巨型团块和液泡化,彩色棉细胞质雄性不育花药内的造孢细胞和小孢子母细胞的败育与绒毡层的过早退化密切相关.

Cytological observation of cytoplasmic male-sterile anther of brown cotton.

Cytological observation of microsporogenesis was performed for a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of brown cotton comparing with its maintainer line. The result showed that abortion of auxocyte cells in CMS anthers took place during the development periods of sporogneous cells and microspore mother cells (MMC's). Abortion characteristics were abnormal behavior of chromosomes, formation of multi micronucleli in one cell, high frequency of nucleolus penetration through nucleus envelop and cell wall, high vacuolization of cytoplasm and coalescence of MMC's. As compared with the tapetal cells of the fertile anther, those of the sterile anther were significantly smaller and vaculolarer. It was suggested that the abnormality of tapetum development was associated with the abortion of MMC's.