不同石斛的生物学特性及主要成分比较研究

研究不同石斛的生物量和在不同月份的多糖及总生物碱含量,为确定最佳采收期提供指导,为评价不同石斛品质和人工种植的前景提供依据。以上一年生长的石斛茎为材料,采用苯酚浓硫酸法测定多糖含量,酸性染料比色法测定总生物碱含量,以株高乘以茎粗粗略估计生物量。结果表明,不同石斛的多糖含量均在3月时较高,但不同年份具有一定的差异,不同石斛生物碱含量最高的时期各不相同;在3月份采收时,铁皮石斛的多糖含量最高,束花石斛的生物碱含量最高,紫瓣石斛和金钗石斛二者的多糖和生物碱含量均较高,且其生物量也较大。以多糖含量为主的石斛类药材在广州种植时3月份进行采收较佳;以多糖含量来评价石斛品质时,铁皮石斛最佳;以总生物碱含量来评价石斛品质时,束花石斛最佳;而以多糖、总生物碱和生物量来综合评价时,紫瓣石斛具有良好的应用前景。

Comparative analysis of the biological characteristics main components of different Dendrobii

In order to determine the best harvest time,and evaluate the quality and application prospects of different Dendrobii,the contents of polysaccharides and total alkaloids in different months were determined.Using the stem growing more than a year as material,polysaccharide was assayed by phenol-sulfuric acid method,total alkaloid assayed by acid-dye colorimetry-method,the biomass was estimated using the product of the stem diameter and plant height.The contents of polysaccharide in all the Dendrobii were higher in March,however,there were some differences in different years.The period that the alkaloid content of different Dendrobium is different.If harvestd in March,the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is highest,however,the alkaloid content of Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall.ex Lindl is highest,and the polysaccharides and alkaloid contents and biomass of Dendrobium parishii Rchb.and Dendrobium nobile Lind is higher.March is the suitable harvested period of Dendrobium medicinal herbs that the polysaccharide is the main Ingredients.Using the polysaccharide content to evaluate quality,Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is best,when using alkaloids content to evaluate quality,Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall.ex Lindl.is good,when using the biomss and content of polysaccharide and alkaloids to Comprehensive evaluate Dendrobium,Dendrobium parishii Rchb.has a good application prospects.