木薯氮磷钾肥优化施用技术研究

采用"3414"田间肥效试验方法,研究木薯氮磷钾肥优化施用技术。结果表明,琼中县营根镇什罗那村木薯地土壤养分贫瘠,基础产量和地力贡献率分别为14 675.35 kg/hm2和49.4%。氮、磷、钾肥的施用极显著增加木薯的产量,当三者施用配比为2水平,即N 300 kg/hm2、P2O5 120 kg/hm2、K2O 450 kg/hm2时,木薯产量最高,为29 713.33 t/hm2,分别比0水平增产80.9%、45.4%和37.2%,增产贡献氮>磷>钾;氮、磷、钾肥的农学效率分别为44.3、77.3、17.9 kg,增产效应磷>氮>钾。利用Excel2003和SAS9.0软件进行多元回归方程分析,结果表明,N、P2O5、K2O分别施用399.46、124.09、481.82 kg/hm2时木薯产量最高,为28 027.86 kg/hm2。结合海南省琼中县木薯生产的实际,建议木薯生产中N、P2O5、K2O分别施用220～320、72～98、200～380 kg/hm2,N∶P2O5∶K2O为1∶0.3～0.4∶0.9～1.2较合适。

Optimized fertilization of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium for cassava

A "3414" fertilizer efficient experiment was conducted in 2009 to confirm the optiment rates of N,P and K fertilization for cassava at Zhaluona village,Yinggen township,Qiongzhong county,Hainan Province on the laterite soil derived from sandy stone.The results showed that the test soil had a low productivity with a basic yield and a percentage of soil fertility contribution to crop yield of 14 675.35 kg/hm2 and 49.4%,respectively.As applying nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium at the rate of 300,120 and 450 kg/hm2,a maximun yield was obtained at 29 713.33 t/hm2,and compared to no fertilization,the yield increament was 80.9,45.4 and 37.2%,respectively.The yield contribution was N>P>K while the agronomic nutrient efficiency was P>N>K.Regression analysis by Excel 2003 and SAS9.0 showed that the optiment rates of N,P and K fertilization was N 399.46 kg/hm2,P2O5 124.09 kg/hm2 and K2O 481.82kg/hm2 for the maximun yield with a ratio of 1∶0.31∶1.21.Starting from the reality of Qiongzhong County,a range of the fertilizer recormmendation of N 220～320 kg/hm2,P2O5 72～98 kg/hm2 and K2O 200～380 kg/hm2 with a ratio of 1∶0.3～0.4∶0.9～1.2 is suggested for cassva production.